Studieboek - Anxiety disorders
32 important questions on Studieboek - Anxiety disorders
In what way is the anxiety response normal?
What is important for clients to realize about fear being a normal reaction?
In what ways can pathological fear arise that can happen in the same person? (2)
2. The ability to cope is underestimated
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Why is the term 'perceived threat' often used?
What is the healthy linear process of dealing with anxiety? (5)
2. Perceived threat
3. Anxiety response
4. Succesful coping reaction
5. Resolution of anxiety
What is the unhealthy process of dealing with anxiety? (6)
2. Perceived threat
3. Exaggerated or inappropriate anxiety response
4. Unhelpful coping reaction
5. Strategy does not fully resolve the situation
6. Anxiety remains active or latent, which adds up to the perceived threat
What are normal psychological symptoms of anxiety and what symptom mirrors this in an anxiety disorder? (3)
2. Apprehension - fear of losing control, going crazy or of suffering from health problems (continuous checking)
3. Temporarily exaggerated thinking - habitual exaggeration thinking (catastrophizing/selective attention/all or nothing)
What are normal physical symptoms of anxiety and what symptom mirrors this in an anxiety disorder? (6)
2. Muscular tension - fatigue/trembling/muscular pain
3. Increased breathing - dizziness/light-headedness/de-realization/de-personalization
4. Changes in the digestive system - nausea/urge to go to the lavatory
5. Changes in blood circulation - blushing/paleness/unpleasant skin sensations
6. Increased sweating - excessive sweating
How can panic disorder be described?
What is the difference between panic disorder and hypochondriasis?
What is the difference between somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder?
How can a social phobia be described?
How can generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) be described?
How can obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) be described?
What is acute stress disorder (ASD)?
How can post-traumatic stress disorder be described?
What are the processes that maintain distorted beliefs about the (irrational) dangerousness of certain situations
2. Focus of attention
3. Spontaneous imagery
4. Emotional reasoning
5. Memory processes
6. Interpretation of reactions to a threat event (exaggerated conclusions and prolonged worrying - distracting)
When are safety-seeking behaviors dysfunctional?
In what way can the way in which attention is being focused become dysfunctional?
In what way is emotional reasoning seen as a maintaining process?
In what way can memory processes be seen as maintaining processes?
What are the steps in treatment for anxiety in order to break the general maintenance cycle? (5)
2. Accurately perceived threat
3. Alternative response: behavioral experiment
4. Fear is managed: experience of coping
5. Old belief changes to a realistic belief (cycle is disrupted)
How can the cycle be broken by tackling fears? (2)
2. Help the client question their fear beliefs by an initial cognitive emphasis by data-gathering
What are important things to consider when thinking about which intervention to use? (4)
2. Physical strategies are useful when the physical consequences of being anxious impair performance or when the physical activity becomes aversive or is avoided
3. Behavioral strategies are good in tackling avoidance and can be used in self-monitoring and planning, as well as activity scheduling
4. Cognitive approaches are relevant for helping clients 'stand back' from their problems to (re-)evaluate various (unhelpful) perspectives
What are specific problems when working with anxious clients? (7)
2. Self-fulfilling prophecies: physical (physical effects can impair performance)
3. The power of avoidance
4. 'I am anxious all of the time'
5. 'I do all the things that we agree, and my anxiety does not decrease'
6. Not actually facing the fear (applies to both the therapist and the client)
7. Reliance on medication to manage anxiety (low motivation to engage in CBT strategies)
How can the cognitive self-fulfilling prophecy be countered?
How can the physical self-fulfilling prophecy be tackled?
What strategies can be done to counteract avoidance? (4)
2. Encourage self-monitoring, including monitoring of long-term consequences
3. Sharing a formulation in which the disadvantages of avoidance are clearly illustrated
4. Negotiate a graded reduction in use of avoidance
How can the thought of 'I am anxious all of the time' be tackled?
How can the thought of 'I do all the things that we agree, and my anxiety does not decrease' be tackled? (3)
2. Consider the rate at which the feared situation is faced
3. Check if others are helping to maintain the problem
How can the problem of the client not actually facing their fears be tackled? (2)
2. Ensure a shared rationale that makes clear the advantages of tolerating the discomfort of the task and address unhelpful assumptions concerning BEs
How can the problem of the client relying too much on medication to manage anxiety be managed?
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