Studieboek - Basic theory, developments and current status of CBT
30 important questions on Studieboek - Basic theory, developments and current status of CBT
What were the new aspects of behavioral therapy as a reaction against the Freudian psychodynamic paradigm? (2)
2. Used learning theory to modify unwanted behavior and emotional reactions
What was behavior therapy initially aimed at?
What is the idea of the cognitive principle?
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What does the continuum principle posit? (2)
2. CBT theory applies to both the therapist and the client
What does the here-and-now principle entail?
What are the systems that are assumed to interact in a way that cause problems to occur? (4)
2. Affect (or emotion)
3. Behavior
4. Physiology
These interact in complex feedback processes and in interaction with the environment
What does the empirical principle stress?
What does the interpersonal principle emphasize in CBT?
What are automatic thoughts (ATs)
What are negative automatic thoughts? (NATs)
How are the levels of cognition thought to be connected within CBT? (3)
2. Underlying assumptions
3. Automatic thoughts
What are the common characteristics of (N)ATs? (8)
2. They happen automatically
3. They are specific thoughts about specific events or situations (cán become stereotyped)
4. They can easily become conscious
5. They can be so brief, frequent, and habitual that they are not heard
6. They are often plausible and taken as obviously true (crucial to help stop clients accept their ATs this way)
7. They can also take the form of images
8. They are often tackled early on in therapy due to their immediate effect on emotional states and their accessibility
What are the characteristics of core beliefs? (4)
2. Manifest as general and absolute statements, and do not typically vary across situations
3. Usually learned early in life, but can develop or change later in life
4. Generally not tackles in short-term therapy, but may be important in therapy for chronic problems like personality disorders
What are underlying assumptions (UAs) or dysfunctional assumptions (DAs)? (5)
2. They develop as a response to the core beliefs, and are often referred to as dysfunctional
3. They can be thought of as rules for living (more specific than core beliefs, but more general than ATs)
4. They often take the form of conditional (if ... then statements)
5. If an UA is violated, NATs and strong emotions are likely to be triggered
What are the characteristics of UAs? (5)
2. Usually conditional statements
3. Some may be culturally reinforced
4. They become dysfunctional when they are too rigid and over-generalised - not flexible enough to cope with inevitable complications and setbacks of life
5. Usually tackles later on in therapy, after the client already has some ability to work on ATs
What are characteristic cognitions in depression? (2)
2. Cognitive triad: negatively biased views about oneself, the world in general, and of the future
What are characteristic cognitions in anxiety disorders?
What are characteristic cognitions in anger disorders? (2)
2. Conclusions are drawn rapidly and extremely
How are core beliefs developed?
What can be the effect of encountering an event that violates a core belief or assumption?
What can the final result of the process that can be set into motion by a violation of a core belief or assumption?
What notions of Layard caused the explosive growth of the IAPT program? (2)
2. CBT could make a difference to many of the most common mental health problems
Which two types of CBT were involved in the initial wave caused by the IAPT program due to a shortage of CBT therapists? (2)
2. Low-intensity therapy: guided self-help, brief interventions, and exercises
What is the use of the CBT competencies framework?
What are the domains in the CBT competencies framework? (5)
2. Basic CBT competencies (basic structure)
3. Specific CBT techniques (core strategies: thought records identifying thoughts and beliefs)
4. Problem-specific competencies
5. Meta-competencies (make judgments about when to use a specific strategy)
For which disorders is CBT recommended by the NICE-guidelines?
2. GAD
3. Panic disorder
4. PTSD
5. OCD
6. BDD
7. EDs
8. Psychosis
9. Schizophrenia
10. Chronic fatigue syndrome
11. Alcohol abuse
12. Antenatal and post-natal mental health problems
What evidence is there for specific processes in depression? (3)
2. Reduction in positive thinking about the self
3. Specific increase in thoughts and beliefs about loss and failure
What does (some) experimental evidence show on the causal role of negative thoughts?
What experimental evidence is there for cognitive processing biases? (3)
2. Enhanced recall of negative events, and increased negative beliefs
3. These changes in processing occur at an automatic, pre-conscious level
What are some important side notes regarding the evidence of CBT theory? (3)
2. There is till room for exploring and developing the approach further in some areas
3. CBT is undoubtedly an effective treatment for many problems
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