Studieboek - Socratic methods
39 important questions on Studieboek - Socratic methods
What was Socrates' method of asking questions?
What is the intention of a socratic question in CBT?
What other Socratic methods are used to direct attention? (4)
2. Summarizing
3. Offering information
4. Behavioral experiments
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When is a Socratic question succesful? (2)
2. The experience reveals new, relevant perspectives
What are the advantages of Socratic methods? (3)
2. Enhance learning so that new perspectives are better retained
3. Self-generated conclusions often have more credibility than advice from a therapist
How are Socratic methods used in motivational interviewing? (6)
2. Direct persuasion is not an effective method for resolving ambivalence
3. It is the client's task to articulate and resolve their ambivalence
4. The counselor is directive in helping the client to examine and resolve ambivalence
5 Readiness to change is seen as a fluctuating product of interpersonal interaction, not as a trait
6. The therapeutic relationship is seen as a partnership or companionship
What are other reasons to make use of Socratic methods? (3)
2. Personalises the process of exploration and conclusion
3. Promotes a self-help strategy, which is the end goal in CBT
How do Socratic methods promote a self-help strategy?
For what purposes are Socratic methods used in CBT? (3)
2. Getting a better understanding of their problems
3. Help them devise new ways of dealing with difficulties
When do we use Socratic inquiry? (6)
2. Education
3. Reviewing unhelpful cognitions
4. Problem-solving and working out solutions
5. Devising behavioral tests
6. In supervision
What does it implicate that Socratic questions form a part of a Socratic process of inquiry?
How are Socratic methods used in assessment and formulation?
How can Socratic methods be used to teach clients the model and skills of CBT?
How can Socratic methods be used to review unhelpful cognitions in clients?
How can Socratic methods be specifically used in problem-solving and working out solutions
How are behavioral tests devised in a Socratic manner?
In what way are Socratic methods powerful training techniques in supervision? (3)
2. Fosters collaboration
3. Tests hypotheses
How can Socratic methods be used effectively? (3)
2. Aided by metaphor and analogy
3. Downward arrowing/vertical arrow restructuring
What are the benefits of using a questioning style in Socratic methods? (2)
2. Curiosity and humility help to avoid the falling into the 'changing minds' trap (open mind and trying to build the bigger picture communicates empathy
In what way is the use of metaphors and analogies helpful?
What is the aim of the downward arrowing technique?
What is important in the use of the downward arrowing technique? (5)
2. It should be used thoughtfully as the topic can be an emotionally charged challenge (sensitive pace, acceptance of silence, making it easier when possible, and stopping if too distressed)
3. Can also reveal positive underlying beliefs that can enhance the process
4. Often reveals elements of the cognitive triad
5. Core beliefs do not have to be revealed
What are the advantages to reveal the patient's core beliefs (even though this is sometimes not necessary or possible)? (2)
2. Paves the way for schema-focused work (if necessary)
What are the stages in Socratic methods? (4)
2. Empathic listening (careful, non-judgmental attention to (non)verbal expressions)
3. Summarizing (feeding back to check hypotheses, clarify information, or reiterate a point)
4. Synthesizing or analyzing questions (encouraging the development and expansion of an idea or theme (synthesizing), or refining key information (analyzing))
What can you focus on in order to cautiously and compassionately use Socratic inquiry? (3)
2. Empathic pacing is key to not making yourself seem insensitive to the client: strains the alliances and results in missed opportunities within the therapy
3. The tone should be gentle, and inquisitive, and can be prefaced
How can thought records be used as a Socratic method?
What are important factors to focus on in order to increase the effectiveness? (4)
2. Cautious
3. Compassionate: good stance and modelling for the patient
4. Confident: intuitive scientist
When might direct or didactic questions be more suitable? (4)
2. Risk (assessment)
3. Information gathering
4. When Socratic methods risk colluding with avoidance, or encourages rumination, or reflects reassurance-giving
What are problems that can be encountered while using Socratic methods?
2. The client invalidates distressing cognitions
3. The client is avoidant of distressing cognitions
4. Key cognitions are fleeting in nature
5. Crucial meaning are held in a non-verbal form
6. The client invalidates new perspectives
7. The therapist questions without direction, or in an unfruitful direction
8. The therapist lectures
9. The therapist explores but does not synthesise and draw conclusions
10. The therapist asks questions only to validate a hypothesis
11. The therapist limits Socratic inquiry to verbal guided discovery?
How can the problem of the client not being able to access the key thoughts or images be tackled? (4)
2. Evoke the emotional state related to key cognitions by using imagery or role play
3. Look out for clear changes in emotions within the session
4. Encourage exploration of affect and/or sensation
How can the problem of the client invalidating distressing cognitions be tackled?
How can the problem of the client being avoidant of distressing cognitions be tackled? (4)
2. Take things slowly and explain the rationale for unpacking potentially upsetting cognitions
3. Recognize patterns of invalidating distressing cognitions, acknowledge this, and try to uncover the client's fears about staying in an emotionally laden thought or image
4. Behavioral experiments can help the client test out negative predictions underlying the avoidance
How can the problem of the key cognitions being fleeting in nature be tackled? (3)
2. Attend mood shifts in a session
3. Try to evoke a recent experience to make cognitions accessible
How can the problem of the client holding crucial meanings in a non-verbal form? (3)
2. Accept that some non-verbal meanings are going to be metaphorical rather than literal
3. Incorporate this information into a formulation and work towards developing alternative meanings
How can the problem of the client invalidating new perspectives be tackled? (3)
2. Client might need to substantiate the new perspective by engaging in behavioral change
3. Could indicate a robust undermining belief system, which can be revealed through further inquiry
How can the problem of the therapist asking questions without or in an unfruitful direction be tackled?
How can the problem of a therapist giving lectures be tackled?
How can the problem of the therapist not synthesizing and drawing conclusions be tackled? (2)
2. Ensure that a copy of the working formulation is accessible for reference/structure during the sessions to guide you and the client
How can the problem of the therapist only asking questions to validate the hypothesis be tackled?
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