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1 Innate Immune System
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What are differences in receptor diversity between innate and adaptive immune system?
innate receptors are germline-encoded, adaptive receptors are made via gene rearrangement and thus more different.
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What are cellular components of the immune system?
granulocytes, macrophages, DCs and NKs
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How are acute phase proteins induced?
TNF alpha, IL 6 and IL1
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What effects does the complement system have on bacteria and cells?
bacteria: lysis, opsonisation
cells: phagocytosis, degranulation of mast cells
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Describe the pathway of complement activation.
The pathogen effects C3 in such a way that is decomposes. C3b coats the pathogen to facilitate phagocytosis. Cytokines are formed that decompose C5 and activate C9, which forms the Membrane attack complex to destroy the pathogen
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What are Type I Interferons?
INF alpha and beta, are produced by infected cells after TLR activation so neighbour cells differentiate into an anti-viral state.
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Which functions do granulocytes have?
neutrophil: kill phagocytosed microbes, promote inflammation
eosinophil: produce histamine to induce vasodilation, increase capillary permeability and chemotaxis
basophil: recruit immune cells, extracellular killing of large microbes
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Which cytokines are produced by macrophages and DCs?
IL 1, IL6, IL8 and TNF alpha
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Into which cells can macrophages differentiate?
CNS: microglia
liver: Kupffer cells
lung: alveolar macrophages
bone: osteoclasts
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Which cytokines stimulate monocytes to become macrophages or DCs?
macrophages: monocyte colony stimulating factor
DCs: FIt3
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