Self production economy

13 important questions on Self production economy

The self-production economy, AM, can impact sustainability, circularity and inclusivity. How can it impact sustainability?

Improving resource efficiency
Extending product life cycle
Reconfiguration of the value chain

How can the self-production economy, AM, impact inclusivity?

* Local production
* Co-creation (blue and red ocean oriented)
* Complex management (because complex network)
* HRM "its a mans world"

What are the barriers regarding inclusivity of AM?

It is expensive and a step by step learning curve.
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How does AM, self-production economy, transform economy?

* New business models
* New management
* New local supply chains
* New regulation standards

Regarding business models, online file sharing and conventional sales challes can be distinguished, and existing and new business models can be distinguished. Elaborate on the new business models and scale them in the correct box:
- Market explorer
- Service provider
- Content provider
- Mass customizer

Market explorer; existing business model, online file sharing
Use AM for additional sales channel of data files.


service provider; Existing business model, conventional sales channel
Small batches of products in existing assortments

Content provider; New business model, online file sharing
Manufacturers become content providers, branding of files.

Mass customizer; new business model, conventional sales funnel
Production of customized products. Build-to-order

What is the difference between subtractive machining and AM?

Subtractive machining manufactures products by removing material by physical or chemical processing.

AM builds layer by layer products.

What determines the line in the Gartner hype you follow? (trend line)

The speed and collaboration. Collaboration in the ecosystem is needed to be a slow trend.

What is AF (additive fabrication)?

It is a powerful tool that offers the competitiveness needed for European countries. 3D printing is but one form of AF which comprises the use of layer-by-layer manufacturing in order to build a part by the addition of material

Petrovic  et al (2011) discuss Additive layered manufacturing, and the sectors of industrial application. What is additive layered manufacturing and of which two process steps does the technological process exists?

Additive layered manufacturing (ALM) is the layer-by-layer transformation of material to products (input to output). This is done by the 3D CAD Model, including 2 steps: coating and fusing.

Coating refers to the material that is laid of the working surface forming a thin layer.
Fusing refers to printing the part slice. This is done using light.

Why does ALM unlocks design potential?

Because part design pushes the limits of manufacturing. The design can be adapted for ALM, and ALM creates more options in design.

What are the two broad categories? (Additive technologies)

  1. Polymer processing
  2. Metal processing

One of the challenges is he stair stepping effect. What is this?

This effect is created by the placement of one layer on top of the other. This affects the surface quality (oppervlakte kwaliteit) and roughness.

What are important elements for assessing the impact of 3D printing on transport and transport-related challenges?

  1. City-level hubs are the most likely locations for 3D printers, because they can coordinate material flows and gather expertise
  2. Mass-individualisation and personification dictates the needs for 3D printers
  3. Distribution networks will be organised more efficiently, less empty vehicles, but raw materials still need shipping

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