Digital transformation

12 important questions on Digital transformation

Within DT there are different perspectives, which concur regarding epistemology; considering how we establish knowledge (practice based, duality, or objectivist, dualism), and regarding social order (dissensus vs consensus) Elaborate on these differences first.

Dissensus; thought that society does not have a common interest and no trust. There will always be conflicts in which people seek for self-interest. There is always a win-lose.


Consensus; thought that society has a common interest. There is trust, sometimes there is a conflict but in the end people strive for common interests. Knowledge is neutral. Win-win.

Practice-based; knowledge is hard to capture, because it is captured in doing. What we see as knowledge is something we agree up on.

Objectivist; something that we can see and measure is knowledge.

In this article, Leonardi and Treem discuss that the antecedents for behavioral visibility are digitization, digitalization and datafication. Elaborate on the differences.

Digitization refers to the encoding of actions or representations into a digital format which can be used by computable technologies. (0101010)

Digitalization refers to the way in which our social life is organized through digital technologies.

Datafication refers to the process of taking an activity, behavior or process and turning it into meaningful data.

Leonardi & Treem (2020) describe three consequences of the construct and conditions: the connectivity, performance and transparency paradox. Elaborate on the differences.

Connectivity paradox = efforts for potential lacking connection may cause over communication.


Performance paradox = efforts for superior task performance may cause difficulties to make the performance visible for others because their efforts are directed at conducting the task.

Transparency paradox = efforts for greater transparency into communication may cause obscure and obfuscate activities.
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The centrality of connectivity in understanding the consequences of the 3Ds is a product of two interrelated social constraints:

  1. Organizations and workers have limited information processing abilities and attention
  2. Digital data are visible regardless of whether they are actively or willing provided

What are the three mechanisms through which the behaviour of people, collectives, technological devices, or nature becomes visible to third parties?

  1. Self-presentation (presenting particular versions of themselves when people face tension)
  2. Aggregate quantification (making a holistic picture of all the various behavioural data, to see the behaviour of others)
  3. Algorithmic ordering (algorithms serve to make content functionally visible by sorting, ranking, recommending, and categorizing information that is understood and useful)

Hal Varian asserts four uses that follow form computer-mediated transactions

  1. Data extraction and analysis (The data from computer-mediated economic transactions is a significant dimension of ‘big data)
  2. New contractual forms due to better monitoring (we can observe behaviour that was previously unobservable and enabled new business models)
  3. Personalization and customization (ads and personalized searches)
  4. Continuous experiments (assigning treatment and control groups based on traffic, cookies, usernames, geographic areas)

In this article, Zuboff refers to surveillance capitalism. What does the author mean by this concept?

Surveillance capitalism is the prediction and modification of human behavior, easier stated personal data, which has become an object of trade for corporations. This, from a profit-making incentive, arising from advertising companies. Surveillance capitalism represents a new logic of accumulation.

How Does Suboff call the society which relies on digital information more and more?

Information civilization.

Moore & Robinson (2016) argue the quantified self, what counselings in the neoliberal workplace. What do they mean with quantified self?

With the quantified self they Moore & Robinson refer to quantifying specific aspects of experiences of which data is produced.

By the quantified self, the autonomy of transferring control is moved to devises which encounters the productivity, can make the production more efficient, and makes employee well-being, performance, and job satisfaction quantifiable.

The quantified self is reflected by the contemporary capitalism. How is QSW related to Taylorism and what is the major difference?

They align in terms of rational knowledge and quantification of body-machine-management relations. However, Taylorism is focused on external performance within enclosed factories, whereas QSW is focused on control of micro social and inner processes in an open-ended work environment. So, knowledge workers cannot be measured by Taylorism, and by QSW they can.

Big data is considered to be critical in generating competitive advantage. What is strategizing? And how is this related to practitioners, praxis and practices? (also elaborate on these processes).

Strategizing are the activities that affect the strategic outcome direction, even if not intended or articulated.

Practicioners; actors involved in strategy making
Praxis; flow of activities over time
Practices; material tools that guide activities.

Strategizing is in the middle of all three; where these interact.

The extend to which data are leveraged for the strategic purpose depends on affordance and constraints of employees. What is the difference between the affordance and constraints discourse?

The affordance discourse
- thought that data is needed to differentiate,
- efficiency and effectiveness
- Data driven culture

The constraints discourse
- Advisory role of the data
- not 100% draw up on data,
- Look at the outcome not only at the output
the constraint discourse als valuable for creating value.

The interaction between the discourses over time shapes how data strategizing is done in practice.

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