Economic growth, productivity and living standards - Why nations become rich: the crucial role of average labour productivity - The Solow growth model

5 important questions on Economic growth, productivity and living standards - Why nations become rich: the crucial role of average labour productivity - The Solow growth model

Two assumptions about the production function are:

  • Production is subject to diminishing marginal product
  • Constant returns to scale to individual inputs.

The assumption of diminishing marginal product means:

If the amount of labour and other inputs employed is held constant, then the greater the amount of capital already in use, the less an additional unit of capital adds to production.

The assumption of constant returns to scale means:

If the labour and capital inputs are both increased by equal proportions then total output increases by the same proportion.
We write the production function as: zY = F(zK, zN)
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Average labour productivity can increase even if the capital-labour ratio is constant because of technical progress, this is:

An improvement in knowledge that enables a higher output to be produced from existing resources.
we can write the production function as: y = Af(k) where A denotes technology.

Significant differences in human capital can also explain differences in productivity and living standards, this is:

The accumulation of skills, experience and knowledge by the workforce.
y = Af(k, h)

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