Summary: Principles Of Igneous And Metamorphic Petrology | 9780521880060 | Anthony Philpotts, et al
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Read the summary and the most important questions on Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology | 9780521880060 | Anthony Philpotts; Jay J. Ague
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3 Intrusion of Magma
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3.1 Introduction
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What is a dike?
Steeply dipping sheet-like intrusions formed when basaltic magma rises through fractures and cools. -
What is a diapir?
Large dome-like bodies of rhyolitic magmas which solidify under the surface to form granite batholiths. -
How can the advance of magma be tracked?
- Pressure forcing magma upwards propagates fractures in through the lithosphere
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6 Classification of Igneous Rocks
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6.1 Introduction
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What is the most abundant element of Earth?
Oxygen: more than 90% -
6.1.1 Meteorites
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What is a meteoroid?
Meteors that have entered Earth's atmosphere.
Most break up and disintergrate due to frictional heating. -
What is a meteorite?
Bigger meteors that have reached Earth's surface.Most are derived from asteroids, primarily those in the asteroid belt (between Mars and Jupiter) but some are scattered throughout the solar system. -
What are the three types of meteorites?
- Iron meteorites
- Stony iron meteorites
- Stony meteorites
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What is a chondrule?
- Composed of high-temperature minerals (e.g. pyroxene or olivine)
- Spherical (~100μm-several mm)
- Mostly fine-grained and glassy
- Coarsely crystalline and irregular: slower cooling
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6.1.2 Compositions of magmas and rocks
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What are the seven major oxides?
- SiO2
- Al2O3
- FeO (Fe2O3)
- MgO
- CaO
- Na2O
- K2O
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What are the rock-forming minerals, based on the 7 major oxide components of magma?
- Clinopyroxene
- orthopyroxene
- olivine
- garnet (only at high pressure)
- amphibole
- mica
- quartz
- plagioclase
- alkali feldspar
- feldspathoid
- spinel (commonly: magnetite)
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