Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential

5 important questions on Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential

What is the main reason an action potential can be generated?

There are channels in the membrane of excitable cells that modulate their conductance depending on the voltage over the membrane.

Which two ions are most important in the time course of the action potential?

Na+: gives the rapid rise and reversal
K+: gives the decline and undershoot and resting potential

How come Na+ gives rise to the rapid rise of the action potential?

The voltage gated Na+ channels open rapidly upon sensing a certain reached potential difference, which briefly leads to a higher conductance fo Na+ than K+.
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Explain the absolute refractory period:

Impossible to excite the cell as all voltage gated channels are closed.

Why is there an abrupt start of positive feedback of the voltage gated Na+ channels at a certain membrane potential?

Na channels open quickly when sensing an voltage difference, though this is countered by the opposite current flow by K+ and the leak through open channels. If INa > Ik + Il the positive voltage gated Na+ feedback loop begins. Hence, action potential.

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