Prior knowledge - Part: Polysaccharides - Properties of polysaccharides in foods: viscosity and gelling

10 important questions on Prior knowledge - Part: Polysaccharides - Properties of polysaccharides in foods: viscosity and gelling

Why are sugars good soluble?

They are hydrophilic, due to the many (polar) hydroxyl-groups. This is the reason they dissolve really well in water.

Is the solubility of sugars unlimited?

No, it is limited. If the solubility is exceeded, the solution becomes over-saturated and crystallisation may occur.

Which sugar can crystallize in ice cream?

Lactose
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Which disaccharide is the least soluble and which the most soluble? Choose from: glucose, saccharose, xylitol, sorbitol, fructose, lactose

Least soluble --> lactose
Most soluble --> fructose

The solubility of which disaccharide is not influenced by the temperature? How is the solubility vs. Temperature of other disaccharides?

Saccharose is not influenced by T. The other disaccharides have a higher solubility with higher temperature.

How are sugar concentration, water activity and relative humidity related?

A high sugar concentration means a low water activity (aw) and a low equilibrium relative humidity (ERH).

What happens to the amount of bound water when the sugar concentration increases?

In a sugar solution, water molecules are bound to the sugar molecule (e.g. By hydrogen bonding) and as a result water is less free or loses the possibilities of free motion (cannot be 'active' anymore). When the concentration of sugar increases, more water is bound and less free water is present, so the water activity decreases and reaches a minimum when the solution is saturated.

What is the sweetest isomer?

Beta-D-fructopyranose

What does the Brix/acidity ratio have to be to have a drinkable juice?

Ratio > 10 is drinkable

What are the most important properties of carbohydrates in food?

  • Solubility and crystallization
  • Water binding
  • Sweetness
  • Digestibility
  • Viscosity and gelling
  • Fat-substitution

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