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Psych lifespan chap 15-19

66 important questions on Psych lifespan chap 15-19

Mid life transition (def)

is more common
-slow stable changes
-carreer change @ midlife is seldom radical

Acronym to remember five factor personality traits

O- openess to experience
C- conscientiousness
E-extroversion
A-agreeable
N -neuroticism

Cancer cell - oncogenes (def)

1. oncogenes (cancer gene) - directly udnergo an abnormal cell duplication

Cancer cell - tumor suppressor genes(def)

2. fail to keep oncognes from multiplying

Cancer cell- stability genes (def)

3. normally keep genetic alteration to a minimum by repairing subtle DNA mistakes that occur either during normal cell duplication or as a result of environmental agents

Osteoporosis risk factor:

decrease in estrogen (post menopausal)

Women are more at risk for osteoporosis because they..

lose bone mass following menopause (estrogen loss)

Men lose (blank) which contributes to bone loss

testosteron which can contribute to bone loss because the body converts some to estrogen (but not as much as women)

Expertise(def. and when does it peak)

an extensive knowledge base that can be used to support a high level of performance
-this peaks during ones midlife

Older people can't repeat new info..

to themselves as quickly as younger people.

Middle aged adults struggle more w/..

retrieving info. from long term memory that would help them recall

Job satisfaction is increased when..

employees are involved in decision making, have reasonable workloads and good physical working conditions

Job satisfaction among this age group can also be tied to the..

individuals happiness w/ the work they're doing, and also the perks that come w/ maintaining a long carreer
-higher salary
-better benefits
-success/advancement

Career change among blue collar workers is..

not usually freely chosen

Marital satisfaction increases from early adulthood - middle adulthood because of

-time and money
-less parenting responsibility (children are more independent)

-women are 2* as likely to initiate divorce because

they have higher expectations

Parent child relationship( blank) at midlife

changes

Aging parents: sandwich generation

mom takes care of her kids and aging parents

Difference between daughters and sons when taking care of parents

daughters: more time spent because women live longer and have more flexible time/ nurturing
sons: financial, handy man

Marriage satisfaction at late life

increases and peaks
-because we are more equal in our lives and responsibilities

Divorce rate for late life

5% (they've lived this long with each other might as well wait a year or two more)

Widowhood (who's more likely) why do men struggle

women are more likely
men struggle because:
A. no emotional outlet
B. women are the social secretaries
C. men are less religious (coping strategies
-african americans are the most religious

Erikson - ego integrity vs. despair

considering good and bad things adn overall it was fulfilling

Ego integrity vs. despair - accomplish through..

reminiscence(african americans and chinese use this to teach children about past) and life review(goal of self understanding)

Robert peck attained ego integrity involves three distinct tasks

ego differentiation
body transcendence
ego transcendence

Peck: ego differentiation vs. work role preoccupation

Ego differentiation : to diversity our roles to affirm self worth
work role preoccupation: work is only way to affirm self worth

Alternatives to affirm self worth in late adulthood

social/ grandparenthood
volunteer time
church
leisure activities

Peck : body transendence vs. body preoccupation

body transendence: accepting the aging body
body preoccupation: obsession with body/ looks

Peck: ego transendence vs. ego preocupation

ego transendence: as loved ones die still finding purpose in own life
ego preoccupation: elder suicide

Elder suicide stats./ how they do it/ events that lead to it

male 4 to 1 female
males use active methods
attempts 4 to 1 completions
-indirectly cause death (stops meds, food, water)
Events
1. death of loved one (spouse)
2. chronic or terminal illness

Cataracts develops because of (risk factors)

biological aging
heredity
sun exposure
cigarette smoking
alcohol consumption
disease

Sleep anea risk factors

excess weight
narrowed airway
high blood pressure
chronic nasal congestion
smoking
diabetes
sex
family history
asthma

Prevention of sleep apnea

lose weight
limit alcohol and offending drugs
get plenty of sleep
promptly treat breathing problems

Treatment for sleep apnea

sleep on side
surgery
raise head of bed
therapist (supplemented oxygen)
continuous positive airway pressure

Diagnosis for alzheimer is made through exclusion, after ruling out other causes..

of dementia by a physical examination and psychological testing (90th percentile)

To make a definite confirmation for alzheimers doctors need to..

impact the brain after death and perform a autopsy (only way for definite confirmation)

Physical abuse of elderly:

intentional infliction of pain(hitting burning, restraint)

Physical neglect of elderly:

intentional or unintentional failure to fulfill caregiving obligations (lack of food, medication or health services - being left alone)

Emotional abuse of elderly:

verbal assaults (name calling, humiliation, threats)

Sexual abuse of elderly

sexually abusing elderly

Characteristic of the perpetrator( elderly abuse)

1. dependency of the perpetrator (dependent on their victim)
2. psychological disturbances and stress of the perpetrator
3. history of family violence
4. institutional conditions

Characteristics of victim being abused (elderly)

frail and physically impaired
those w/ physical or cognitive impairments
relationship
impairments

Disengagement theory (elderly)

inevitable mutual withdrawn or disengagement
-decreased interaction between aging person and others in their social system
-mutually withdraw

Activity theory (elderly)

social barriers
(driving..)

Socioemotional selective theory

more selective of relationships
-nursing hoes are most restrictive of autonomy and social integration- interaction is low

Passive euthanasia (voluntary and involuntary)

treatment is stopped
voluntary: patient chooses to withdraw from treatment
involuntary: patient has not explicitly requested the withdrawal of treatment

Active euthanasia (voluntary and involuntary)

doctors or others purposefully end a life to end suffering
voluntary: patient requests it
involuntary: actions taken w/ out the consent of the patient

Physician assisted suicide

the practice of providing a competent patient w/ a prescription for medication for the patient to use w/ the primary interaction of ending their own life
-the person takes suggestions of doctors to kill themselves

Kubler ross' theory of dying - denial:

denies seriousness refusing to accept diagnosis
-protective, allowing individual to deal with illness at his or her pace

Kubler ross's theory of dying- anger

recognition that time is short promotes anger

Kubler ross's theory of dying - bargaining

realizing the inevitability of death, the person bargains for extra time or something like that

Kubler ross's theory of dying - depression

when denial, anger and bargaining fail to postpone the illness, the person becomes depressed
-suffering is intensifying

Kubler ross's theory of dying - acceptance

a state of peace and quiet about upcoming death
-last few weeks or days

Stages of grief - avoidance:

survivor experiences shock followed by disbelief a numb feeling serves as "emotional anesthesia

First task of grieving:

becoming painfully aware of loss

Stages of grief :confrontation -

grief is the most intense as the mourner confronts reality of death
-emotional reactions: anger sad anxiety
-common responses -obsessively reviewing of circumstances of death, asking how it could be prevented

Stages of grief: confrontation: 2nd task

working through pain and grief

Stages of grief: confrontation: 3rd task

adjusting to a world in which the deceased is missing

Stages of grief: restoration

1st step: dealing with internal emotions
2nd step: overcoming loneliness by reaching out to others, mastering skills that the deceased once performed, reorganizing daily life w/ out the loved one

Siblings in middle adulthood

-contact declines(because of demands of life)

Dependency - support script

-if someone can't do something for themselves, a support system will help them
-cues indicate when help is needed (the script)

Death concept - permanence

permanence (once something dies, it doesn't come back)

Death concept- inevitability

all things will die

Death concept - lessation

all functions cease at death

Death concept - applicability

death only applies to living things

Death concept - causation

death is caused by breakdown in bodily functions

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psych lifespan chapt 15-19

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