How the brain processes visual information - In Closing: Understanding vision by understanding the wiring diagram

7 important questions on How the brain processes visual information - In Closing: Understanding vision by understanding the wiring diagram

Where to the axons (from the retina/eye) go?

Optic nerve, optic nerves of the two eyes join at the optic chiasm, half of the axons from each eye cross to the opposite side of the brain, (most) axons travel to lateral geniculate nucleus (comunicates tih the visual cortex)

What is lateral inhibition?

A mechanism by which stimulation in any area of the retina suppresses the responses in the neighboring areas, thereby enhancing the contrast at light-dark borders

Why does lateral inhibition in the vertebrate retina occurs?

Because receptors stimulate bipolar cells and also stimulate the much wider horizontal cells, which inhibit both the stimulated bipolar cells and those to the sides
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What (partial) devision of labor does the mammalian vertebrate visual system has?

The parvocellular system is specialized for perception of color an dfine detail; the magnocellular system is specialized for perception of depth movement and overall patterns

Within the primary visual cortex which cells can be distinguished?

Simple cells (fixed excitatory and inhibitory fields) and complex cells (respond to a light patttern of a particular shape regardless of its exact location)

What do neurons within a column of the primary visual cortex have in common?

Similar properties, such as responing to lines in the same orientation

When does abnormal visual experience has a strong effect?

During an early sensitive period

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