Lie detection
16 important questions on Lie detection
How frequent do we lie and what what and who sertona and levine?
Riethuis et al on frequency of lies?
56.3% falsely denying that something happened
79.5% and 70.5% to avoid conflict and punishment, respectively
this is further investigated in eithuis et al 2020
the beliefs people have about memory and our human deceptor behavuoir.In this survey it was found out that 65,5 on average once or twice a day. 56,3 false denial deceptive strategy. people report type of lies were related to willingness to avoid conflict and punishment. why do other people lie during the day. the want to give positive perception of themselves.
Scientifique evidence how good we are at detection lies?
•Correct Lie-Truth discrimination
•Percentage based on 24,483 judgments – 206 studies
•Very robust finding - found considering studies using different paradigms, variables, and samples
our accuracy is 54%, this means our ability is just slightly better than tossing a coin. this also related to our ability to detecting lies and truth, when we detect thrithfull 61% and detecting lies, 47%. why because they found we are prone to cognitive bias,
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Why are we and experts bad at detecting lies?
- emotional features
- cognitive complexity of the story
- paraverbal aspects
Cognitive complexity of the story
•Consistent
•Truthfulness
•Detailed
•Vividness
Eckamn on lie detection?
- emotions and emotion identification because of an evolutionary aim.emotions are signals we use to communicate with other people.we experience the same emotions. we are beagle to detect emotion, because culture plays a role. people started to think we are good at detecting emotion and thus we can detect lies. this emotions are also called non verbal cues.
- facial expression
- laypeople refine their capacity to identify others emotional expression everydat and based on culture.
What is exceptive bias?
representative: we believe if person is a liar we do not trust any statemen
Fiacial appreance bias?
What is fundamental attribution?
Can we train ability to detect lies?
Good training needs to take into account theoretical knowledge, practice opportunity, and feedback
Kassin & Fong (1999) and Meissner & Kassin (2001) found that training made worse deception detection
Other techniques to train ability to detect lies?
For instance, cognitive load approach can increase accuracy to 71% (Vrji et al., 2017)
-Combining types of cues (Vrji & Mann, 2004):
Increase to 70% (Hartwing & Bond, 2014)
-Considering baselines (Bond & DePaulo, 2006)
Verbal lie detection methods?
- criteria-based content analysis CBCA
- reality monitoring RM
- verifiability approach VA liars report different cues.
What are the 4 CBCA 4 areas?
in 4 areas:
- general charatics
- specific information of the vent
- content peculiarity
- information related to motivation
- ( in addition, specific elements of the crime.)
.REALITY MONITORING (rm; johnson et al:, 1988)
reality monitoring is verbal credibility assessment the criteria are 39 items.
6 main categories related to
- contextual info
- sensory infor
- emotional
- clarity vividness and reconstructablity
- cognitive operations.
this approach is based on studies on real and imagined memories. the idea is when a statement contains perceptual and contextual information, spatial details and temporal details,truthfull
less concrete, less details and allot of cognitive operations we have a false statement. actually this studies have some times been critized. So not only the problem is related to research but also to the possibility of a false conclusion.
.VERIFIABILITY APPROACH (VA; NAHARI ET AL., 2012)
Liars provide many details
Liars avoid mentioning too many details out of fear
accuracy 61-88%
What is the polygrapgh do? (Physiological)
1.Polygraph
● Does not detect lies, but physiological responses assumed to reflect deception
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