Message strategies

8 important questions on Message strategies

What are two problems for advertisers

  1. People do not (want to) pay attention to commercial messages
  2. People resist being persuaded

What are strategies to overcome these problems?

  • Attract attention: humor, sex
  • Lower resistance: two-sided ads, negative advertisement, product placement

What are the pro's and cons of using humor in advertisement?

Pro's:
  • Increase attention, positive affect, liking

Cons:
  • Distract from the message
    • Reduces counterarguing
    • But also reduces brand recall
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What did Strick et al. (2009) show about humor leading to lower brand recall?

Evaluative conditioning logic:
  • Despite lower recall, humor influences product choice by positive implicit attitudes, higher product choice
  • Particulary true for low involvement products, more likely with unfamiliar brands

What did Mukherjee and Dubé (2012) show about humor combined with fear?


Humor may stimulate a safe environment which reduces the need for defensive reactions to fear appeals
Fear + humor works better than Fear - humor and only humor or no fear no humor

Does Sex work in advertisement?

  • Attracts attention: ad recall
  • Brand recognition/recall can be impaired
  • Gender and attitude:
    • More negative for women
    • More positive for men (but did not extend to brand attitude)
  • No effect on brand attitude and purchase intentions    


  • Relevance is important
  • Historical context also

What is native advertising and does it work?

Native advertising: embedded in content editiorial content
  • Same visual design
  • Sponsored
  • Not removed by ad blockers
  • Less intrusive than banner ads   


Lower resistance if people don't realize it's an ad, but irritation when realizing persuasion attempt

Does product placement work?

Pro's:
  • Can lead to positive attitudes (particularly when used by likeable characters)
  • Can result in implicit memory for product and explicit about part of the story
  • Attitudes and memory can influence behavior

Cons:
  • When TV-character is unlikeable
  • When placement is too obvious      


When warned:
  • Increased brand memory due to more attention to content
  • May trigger persuasion knowledge
  • Slight negative effect on brand attitudes

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