Adolescence - Adulthood

23 important questions on Adolescence - Adulthood

What are the 3 parts of adulthood? And ages?

Early adulthood: 20 to 30
Middle adulthood: To age 65
Late adulthood: After 65

Physical development in early adulthood

Peak time: more muscles, peak cardiac output

Physical development in middle adulthood

Physical and fertility in gradual decline

Women: Menopause
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Physical symptoms of menopause and why does it occur?

Hot flashes etc. Because there is a decline in estrogen

What are the 2 attitides to menopause?

Positive: No more periods, no fear of pregnancy

Negative: Think they have lost feminity and sexual attractiveness

Do males have menopause? If no, what do they have? And can it result in psychological problems?

No, they can reproduce until the day they die. But they experience a decline in sperm count, speed of ejaculation. Because of decreased virility, it might lead to psychological problems

Physical development in late adulthood

Everything is in decline.
- Visual sharpness, stamina, speech slows down etc.

How does exercise slow aging down?

It stimulates brain cell development and neural connections.

Cognitive developments in adulthood

Early adulthood: Peak time for learning and memory

Late adulthood: Better able to retain information that are meaningful than meaningless. Also experience longer word production time

End of life: Terminal decline - deterioration of cognitive function and might be due to genetics, environment or other factors.

Example of Neurocognitive disorders and what is it?

Alzheimer's disease. Progressive decline in cognitive abilities and memory. Memory is gone first then reasoning

Social developments of adulthood due to transitions

Mid-life crisis and social clock

What is mid life crisis? When does it happen? What does it result in?

When people enter 40s. They give up dreams and start to question work and family commitments. Result in turmoil and despair

Why is mid-life crisis debatable?

Because some things like anxiety, suicide, job dissatisfaction does not increase in mid-life

What is social clock?

It is the culturally preferred time of transition events.
- society's perception of the right time to get married etc.

What are 2 adulthood commitments that dominate adulthood?

Intimacy and Generativity.

Intimacy: the ability to form emotionally close relationships with people

Generativity: Productivity
- Be productive and support future generations

What is the well-being across the lifespan? [postive]

Over 65's are relatively happy, they have a stable self esteem and more positive than negative feelings

What is the well-being across the lifespan? [negative]

Smaller social network, fewer friendships and more lonely

What do old people focus on when asked if they could relive their lives, what would they do differently?

Regrets rather than mistakes

What did Freud and Erikson say about intimacy and generativity?

A healthy adult is one who can love and work at the same time

How to age successfully? What are the conditions?

Biological influence: No genetic disposition to early cognitive and physical decline. Appropriate nutrition

Psychological influence: Optimistic outlook. Physically and mentally active lifestyle

Social-cultural influence: Support from family and friends. Cultural respect for aging. Safe living conditions

What is the most difficult separation? [Death and dying] And when is grief severe?

For most people, the death of a loved one is the most difficult separation. For some, grief is severe especially if it is before expected time on social clock.

What are people's reaction to death?

It varies by culture and individuals within cultures

What did Erikson say about how we should view death and dying?

We should face death with dignity and openness. If we do, it helps us to complete life cycle with a sense of meaningfulness. We should review one's life with integrity, not despair. Integrity: Feeling that one's life has been meaningful and worthwhile.

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