Learning - Operant Conditioning

15 important questions on Learning - Operant Conditioning

Generally, what does a reinforcer aim to do?

Regardless of a negative or positive reinforcer, it aims to strengthen a behaviour by adding or removing a stimulus

What are primary reinforcers? And the characteristics of it?

It is innate, unlearned. It is rewards that everyone enjoys. For example, food and shelter, sex etc.

What are secondary reinforcers?

It is conditioned. We have learnt to value it. For example, money/good grades.
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What is an immediate reinforcer and what is the characteristics of it?

Reward occurs immediately after a behaviour. For example, If you do homework now, i will cook pizza tonight.

What is a delayed reinforcer?

There is a time delay between a desired response and delivery of the reward.
For example, Paycheck at the end of the month

What is shaping? How does it work?

It gradually guides towards closer and closer approximations of the desired behaviour.

What is the difference between shaping and other methods?

It rewards throughout the process and not at the end of the process.

What does punishment aim to do?

It aims to decrease frequency of behaviour

What are the two things that make up cognitive influences on learning?

Cognitive map and latent learning

What is biopsychosocial influences on learning?

It is the product of the interaction of biological, psychological and social-cultural influences.

What is learning by observation?

Watching and imitating others. No direct instruction or formal learning experience.

For example, you know how to open the door w/o anyone teaching you how to.

What are the 2 effects that observational learning has?

1. Prosocial
2. Antisocial

What is prosocial and antisocial effects? Classify into positive and negative

Prosocial - Positive
Antisocial- Negative

When you watch TV, sometimes you see violence. Let's say you have a kid and he follows the violent behaviour. What is the effect called?

Violence-viewing effect

Who did the Bobo doll experiment

Bandura

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