L1: folic acid
20 important questions on L1: folic acid
What is spina bifida? What are the concequences?
What is the world wide prevalence of NTD yearly?
What is the prevalence of NTD in the US yearly?
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What was the first step in science in finding out that NTD had something to do with folate?
What is the advice for folic acid suplementation for women who had a child with NTD earlier?
What are primary sources of folic acid? Name 9
- fruits
- Nuts
- Beans
- Seafood
- eggs
- dairy
- grains
- meat
Name 2 limitations of trying to increase your folate intake by eating more folate rich sources
- Bio availability of folate in food is lower than folic acid in supplement
Where, how and why is food fortified with folic acid? How much extra folic acid is reached this way?
What is the risk of too much folate in relation to B12?
How is folate related to homocysteine?
Folate plays a part (with B6 and B12) in converging homocysteine to methoinine, with inadequate folate levels the homocysteine levels are too high. There is an association with high homocysteine levels and CVD, but the mechanism is not clear.
How much added reduction in homocysteine can be reached by providing B12 next to a B11 supplementation?
How much reduction in homocysteine can be reached by B11 supplementation? (0,8 mg/day)
15% reduction of homocysteine in fortified population (countries where foods are fortified with B11)
What is the effect of B6 added to B11 for homocysteine levels?
What is the body of evidence for B11 and CVD?
- observational studies show an decreased risk of B11 and CVD
- intervention studies dont confirm a lower risk of CVD for B11.
So: uncertain evidence.
What is the body of evidence for B11 and colorectal cancer?
but excessive folate intake also may promote tumor progression. The role of unmetabolized folate is unknown.
The body of evidence is uncertain. Folate may increase risk or may decrease risk. It may prevent tumors but also promote existing tumor growth.
What is the body of evidence for B11 and cognition?
What is hte body of evidence for B11 and anemia?
Name 5 health outcomes that have been associated with B11
- cardiovascular disease
- colorectal cancer
- cognition
- anemia
Name 2 arguments in favor of folate fortification
Name 2 arguments against folate fortification
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