L3: Dietary guidelines prevention DM2
28 important questions on L3: Dietary guidelines prevention DM2
What is the world wide trend of the prevalence of DM2?
What are the criteria for diagnosis of DM2?
and
fasting plasma glucose of >7,0 mmol/l
or
2h plasma glucose of >11,1 mmol/l
and
resting plasma glucose of >11,1 mmol/l
Name 7 types of cardiovascular outcomes that diabetes type 2 increases the risk of.
- heart failure
- peripheral artery disease
- stroke
- retinopathy
- neuropathy
- nephropaty
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What is indication of participating with a GLI?
- bmi >30
- sufficient motivation for a 2 year program
What are the NDF dietary guidelines to prevent diabetes type 2?
it consists of:
- calorie restriction diet with attention for improvement on long term (>1 year)
- increased physical activity
- if needed psychological intervention to suport behaviour change
What is the NDF advice for carbohydrates for prevention of DM2?
- quality of KH seems more important. People with higher quality of KH (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans) have lower risk than people with lower quality of KH (sugar sweetened beverages, white bread, cakes, white pasta)
Which 3 foods/nutrient are associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes?
coffee
vitamin D
What is the effect of blood pressure lowering treatment for CVD and DM2?
What was the reduction of risk of diabetes for people who participated to the GLI compared to control?
(placebo 40% incidence, gli 20%)
What are the 2 guideline for treatment of diabetes with overweight?
- gli with professinoal guidance for dietary, physical activity and behaviour change are preferred.
What advice is taken out of the guideline for treatment of diabetes with overweight?
There is too little evidence on the long term effect of low carbohydrate diet on weight reduction.
What are the 5 advices of the NHG standard for diabetes patients?
- sufficient physically active
- weight reduction when bmi >25
- healthy diet
- if necessary refer to dietician
What is the advice for Fat intake for people with diabetes?
reduce saturated fat with unsaturated fat
as little trans fat as possible
What is the advice for suplements for people with diabetes?
What is the advice for vitamin B12 and diabetes?
There is insufficient evidence to screen for vitamin B12 deficiency in people who use metformin. So its not adviced.
What is the advice for vitamin D supplementation and diabetes?
What is shown about weightloss and remission of diabetes?
Name 6 diets associated with type 2 diabetes
- low fat diet
- DASH diet
- vegetarian/vegan
- Paleo
- Mediterranean
What is the advice about low carbohydrate diet for people with diabetes?
so: not adviced
What is the advice about DASH diet for people with diabetes?
What is the advice about vegetarian diet for people with diabetes?
What is the effect of vegetarian diet and mediterranian diet on HDL cholesterol for people with diabetes?
Mediterranean: significant higher HDL cholesteorl than control.
Vegetarian vs mediteranean: vegetarian significant lower HDL than mediterranean
What is the effect of vegetarian diet, mediterranean diet, low carb diet, low GI/GL diet and high protein diet on HbA1C compared to control?
Which 3 diets reduce LDL-cholesterol compared to control in diabetes?
mediterranean, paleo, low KH and high protein did not lower LDL significantly.
What is the PREDIMED study? What were the findings on cardiovascular event risk?
control (normal low fat diet for prevention of cvd, advice is reduced fat)
mediterranean with supplemented extra virgin olive oil
mediterranean with supplemented mixed nuts
The main finding was that the incidence of a major cardiovascular event was lower among people who followed mediterranean diet with supplemented virgin olive oil and mixed nuts.
What were the results of the PREDIMED study on diabetes risk?
Increased adherence to mediterranean diet with olive oil or with nuts decreased the incidence of t2d
What are the results of the PREDIMED study on diabetic retinophaty and diabetic nefropathy?
Nephropathy: Mediterranean diet did not protect compare to control
What are the 4 key points of the EASD 2019 guidelines for lifestyle for prevention of CVD for people with diabetes?
- reduced calorie intake is recommened to lower excessive body weight in patients with DM
- a mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil and/or nuts reduces the incidence of major CV events
- moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of >150 min/week is recommended for the prevention and control of DM
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