L4: Evidence based nutrition the case of sugar
23 important questions on L4: Evidence based nutrition the case of sugar
What is the recommendation of the WHO for SSB to countries?
What did real world evaluation studies show about the SSB in the UK?
- People didnt buy high sugar anymore and bought low sugar
- the industry changed their recipe to be in lower tax bracket
What are 3 advantages of real-world evaluation studies?
- The total effect of the tax can be captured, how does the consumer act? How does the industry act? Do people get the message? Were there reformulations?
- No issues in implementing the study, because its already done.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
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What are 2 disadvantages of real-world evaluation studies?
- You also dont have any contorl group
What did simulation studies find about SSB tax?
Simulation studies found that the consumption of SSB in younger population will go down with higher price. For older population it will not matter so much.
Name 3 advantages of simulation studies for SSB tax
- You can compare the effect of different tax options easily.
- its computer modeling, so there are no implementation issues.
Name 2 disadvantages of simulation studies for SSB tax.
- you are relying on many assumptions to do a simulation. The health effect is very complicated, so its hard to simulate this.
What was the method of the experimental study virtual supermarket?
SSB tax: 9% tax on all products, 0,21 cents on SSB, 0,28 cents on SSB
nutrient profiling tax: 9% vat on all products, 20% additional tax on unhealthy products.
The virtual supermarket compared the consumer behaviour of all groups with eachother. They asked what the consumer would normally buy.
What was the results of the virtual supermarket for the SSB tax? And for the nutrient profiling tax?
nutrient profiling tax: bought less of SSB, less kcal in general and more healthy products (fruits and vegetables)
Name the 5 domains and an example of political and public acceptability beliefs around the implication for SSB tax based on the systematic review from Eykelenboom
- appropriateness: ive drank SSb my life and ive never been overweight. Its no use doing this
- Economic and socio-economic benefit:having this type of tax brings in revenue.
- Policy adoption and implementation: it will be difficult to implement. The industry is lobbying the government all the time.
- public mistrust: an EEB tax is just a government money generating scheme
What was the result of the quantitative analysis of the public acceptebility for a SSB tax?
What are the 4 recommendations from the systematic review that studied the acceptebility for a SSB tax?
2. Use raised revenue for health initiatives
3. Communitcate transparently about the true tax purpose
4. Generate political priority for solutions to the challenge to implementation
How much en% do we get daily from mono and disaccarides (sugar)?
What is the prevalence of overweight in the netherlands (adult and children)?
13% of children are overweight or obese
What is the opinion of the dutch public about an SSB tax in general, as a way to reduce overweight and if revenue is used for health initiatives?
What are the dutch opinions about obesity as a problem and the contribution of an SSB tax for obesity?
50% think an SSB tax would contirbute to improving peoples health
50% think an SSB tax is feasable in the netherlands
Name 4 characteristics of the group of dutch people that think an SSB tax is not acceptable.
- overweight
- moderate or high SSB consumption
- household with adolecents
These people are an important target for the SSB tax.
What 3 kinds of research are still needed to study about the SSB tax?
- longitudinal and experimental studies should explore how to change the public acceptability of an SSB tax.
- more research on public acceptability of other environmental interventions to reduce obesity.
So if 50% of dutch people accept an SSB tax, why isnt there one now? Name 4 reasons
- There is a lot of lobbying from the industry to prevent this.
- difficulty in defining SSB is also a part
- there is a perceived public opposition to SSB tax
- limited advocacy for a SSB tax
Name 4 reasons in favor of an SSB tax in the Netherlands
- The industry have shown dissapointing results from voluntary actions to lower the sugar amount in beverages
- its an international recommendation
- it has a solid legal framework basis to implement it. So it is doable.
What age group of people comsume the most SSB?
people aged 51-64 drink about 100 g a day
people aged 65-79 drink about 75 g a day.
men drink more than women.
The median amount of all people is about 120 g of SSB a day.
What are 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of a prospective cohort?
- you can investigate multiple effects of a single exposure
- its useful when the exposure is rare
- No selection or recall bias
Disadvantages:
- its expensive and time consuming
- Not efficient for rare diseases
- Confounders have to be taken into account
- The cause and effect is unclear
Name 3 types of studies that have been done to SSB tax
- simulation studies
- experimental study (virtual supermarket)
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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