L7: Overweight and obesity in old age
23 important questions on L7: Overweight and obesity in old age
Why is there little attention for obesity in older age?
What can be some benefits of being overweight in older age?
- less hip fractures, because you have protection when you fall
How much % of people >65 years are overweight?
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
What is survival bias?
In which population group is obesity more present?
What can be the cause of the rise of obesity in older age?
less outside
less work in household
more leisure time
Name 4 reasons why there is little attention for obesity in old age
- the idea that prevention should start early in life
- limited awareness: there is a sterotype that obesity is a problem of younder age groups
- obesity is complex in old age due to comorbidity, reduced mobility, and specific nutritional needs
- ill placed believe that obesity is normal in old age (obesity paradox)
What do observational studies say about of obesity in old age? 3 things
- higher bmi: more incident pain
obesity in old age is associated with numerous health outcomes:
- diabetes
CVD
depression
pain
poor muscle strength
fractures
cancer
cognitive decline
pain
osteoarthritis
urinairy incontinence
What does RCT studies say on obesity and wieght loss in old age?
Name 5 effects of intentional weight loss by lifestyle intervention in old people studied through RCT's
reduction pain
reduction sexual disfunction
increase mobility
increase vitality
increase functional status
reduction urinairy incontinence
What is the disadvantage of the RCT's done in older adults for weight reduction?
What is the evidence of the obesity paradox: bmi and mortality in old age?
- lower bmi were more sick (more recent weight loss)
- there was an association between lower bmi and smoking
What is the evidence from observational and rct studies to the obesity paradox: weight loss and mortality risk in old age?
RCTs: found a lower risk for mortality of intentional weight loss
How much % of overweight older people also know they are overweight?
What do overweight older men and women think about their own weight? (how satisfied are they?)
About 60% of overweight men and women are little satisfied with their weight.
How much % of overweight older men and women are trying to lose weight or prevent weight loss?
About 50% of 70+ try to prevent weight gain
What is the effect of lifestyle intervention on weight for older people (65+)?
What are the 3 ESPEN 2022 guidelines about older people and weight loss?
- In obese older persons with weight-related health problems, weight reducing diets shall only be considered after careful and individual weighing of benefits and risks
- If weight reduction is considered in obese older persons, energy restriction shall be only moderate in order to achieve a slow weight reduction and prevent muscle mass
What are the results on weight loss/muscle loss/ fat loss of obese older people (65+) following a very low calorie diet versus a hypocaloric diet (after 12 weeks)?
Also: what does the very low calorie diet versus a hypocaloric diet mean?
hypocaloric diet: -500 kcal/d deficit and 30% from protein
very low calorie diet lost more weight than hypocaloric diet (10 vs 5% reduction)
VLCD lost about 5% lean mass, hypocaloric about 3%.
So VLCD lost less % lean mass, but in kg, lost more lean mass.
What is the recommended amount of protein for obese older persons trying to lose weight?
What is the recommendation for older obese adults trying to lose weight?
- 500 kcal reduction a day (slow weight loss)
- combine dietary interventions with physical exercise
Why should diet be combined with exercise in old obese persons for weight loss? (and not only diet or only exercise)
but: diet loses more muscle than diet+exercise.
with only exercise, you dont lose weight, but you do gain muscle (and lose fat)
Diet+exercise is the best combination for weight loss, muscle loss prevention, physical performance and VO2max
What is the optimal type of exercise for obese older persons and why?
to achieve optimal physical funcitoning, aerobic training should be added.
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
