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Environmental management - Definition and evolution of environmental management

22 important questions on Environmental management - Definition and evolution of environmental management

What is an environmental aspect?

Element of an organization's activities, products or services that can interact with the environment (ISO). A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact. 

What is environmental impact?

Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting form an organization's environmental aspects (ISO, 2004)

EMS implementation: important elements

- priority, which ones, make sure environmental issues are priority
- communication; internal and external
- requirements; legal requirement to comply with environmental management
- life cycle of products; producing taking into account
- Resources
- Improvement; weak/lack identify and improve
- Spreading EMS- Recommend etc power etc. implementation is compulsory basic principles
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Dangers from the lack of EMS in a company

- Loss of natural markets; to others that were more aware
- Pressure on the company: voluntary
- Inability to increase market share; punishment when they do not meet

 Business objective ecological marketing

Applied by for-profit organizations seeking to satisfy green consumers needs
Definition: process of planning, implementation and control of marketing variables used by a company to satisfy consumer needs, achieve company objectives and minimize the negative impact on environment. 

Social marketing objectives

- To inform about environmental impacts
- To stimulate beneficial actions for the environment
- To change harmful behaviors for the environment
- To change society's values

The social perspective of ecological marketing

Social perspective: set of activities focused on stimulating and facilitating the acceptance of social ideas and behaviors considered beneficial for society and on trying to reduce and demotivate harmful ideas and behaviors.


What is ecological marketing about?

Existence of green consumers; they consider how the products they purchase have been obtained and produced, avoiding products that have harmful impacts on the environment during their elaboration, use, consumption and waste.

A company can use strong environmental positioning and design to focus on green consumers

Emergence of ecological marketing; study and use of different actions relating to the environment, used to give greater recognition to companies and/or their products among the consumers.

Two perspectives; 

-social; make them aware
- business; increase market share

What is the significance for business of the eco-label?

- The eco-label enhances product selection
- Is recognized throughout Europe
- It is not an environmental label for industry by industry
- Adds value to products

3rd party evaluating; advantage selection some awareness social aspects
labels greenwash

What are the main objectives of eco-label?

- Business; to promote the design production and commercialization of products with a lower environmental impact and with required levels of quality and safety, assure production follows not polluting

- Consumers; to offer greater information allowing the selection and use of products that are less harmful for the environment, company follows this requirements no environmental impacts

With eco-design achieving products that respond to:

- Extended services (adding value to products)
- Revalorization (re-use, recycle)
- Energy intensity
- Material intensity
- Health and environment risk
- Natural resources conservation (more green resources, more efficient)

What are the improvement actions (Eco-design)

- Improvements in product concept
- Raw materials: selection of materials with low impacts
- Production
- Transport and distribution
- Client use of the product
- End of product life

What are the utilities of the eco-design?

- Add value to the company product
- Contribute to product differentiation with respect to competitors
- Gain recognition for environmental quality
- Give content to the environmental communication campaigns of the company
- Produce cost savings
- Avoid final consumer complaints
- Anticipate legal norms
- Sell knowledge to others; new business opportunity

LCA product-oriented tool

All the related environmental impacts are analyzed, identifying and quantifying the use of materials and energy, and the generated waste, with the aim of introducing improvements to reduce impact.
(from design till end, standardized, benchmarking)

Life cycle assessment/analysis (LCA)

(during all product stages)
Determines the environmental impact of a product throughout all the phases of its life cycle with the aim of introducing improvements that reduce this impact.

Objective process to assess the environmental aspects of a manufacturing system through all the phases of the cycle


Environmental impact assessment

Legal and administrative procedure
Objective
Identification, prediction, interpretation and communication of environmental impacts that a specific action will produce in case of its execution, as well as its prevention, correction and evaluation in order for the public administration to accept modify or reject the action. 

Related documents
- Environmental impact study (EIstudy)
- Environmental impact statement (EIStatement)

Main agents:
- Project developer (private or public) performing the EI study (outsourcing), project developer could be the same as environmental engineer, depends on the company if they don't have an engineer
- public administration
- affected third parties

What are the basic tools for EM?

- Environmental impact assessment
- Life cycle analysis (LCA)
- Ecodesign
- eco-label
- ecological marketing
- EMS and environmental audit (EMAS)

What four legislation levels exist?

EU; EUROPEAN REGULATION and DIRECTIVES; general rules to harmonize the rules of each member

STATE: STATE LAWS, DECREES AND MANDATES ; basic legislation applied throughout the state from which can be generated the regulations for each autonomous community. 

AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY: Laws, decrees and mandates of autonomous communities from basic state legislation the ACS establish specific laws according to their own situations

MANDATES OF MUNICIPALITIES; some environmental aspects are also regulated by municipalities; such as waste management, ...

What are the benefits of appropriate EM?

1) Improvement of production process
2) Savings in raw materials consumption
3) Savings in energy consumption
4) Reduction in contamination control costs
5) Improvement of company's image
6) Avoidance of lawsuits, fines, penalties and criminal liability
7) New competitive argument valued by clients
8) New business arising

Influence of the environment on the company

Additional function of the environment:
- Provides (resources) services or attractions that can be consumed by company clients in specific sectors (tourism). 
(natural resources, additional resources will be reduced)

Influences; 
- legislative pressure; attitude legislation law, punishment
- competitive or market pressure; becoming more green; EM is important
- social and financial pressure; lobby's, green peace, financial fundings not provided

Company positioning regarding the environment: decision position

- Environmental factor as a problem or threat; pay money for fees
- Environmental factor as an opportunity; possibility to create new business attract new clients

Relationships company/environment

two types of relationships
- Influence of the company on the environment
- Influence of the environment on the company

What is the influence of the company on the environment?

- A fundamental role of organizations in sustainable development

- Functions of the environment
* Natural environment provides important resources to the company, fundamental for developing its activity 
* The environment acts as a sink for waste generated by company activity (waste, air, emissions, discharges)

The influence based on these functions;
- The company is an important consumer of natural resources
- The environment gathers waste generated by companies

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Quality management course topics

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