Research Methods 1-6 - Research Methods 7-12
31 important questions on Research Methods 1-6 - Research Methods 7-12
When we conduct psychological research, our goal is to understand some phenomenon as it is experienced by a ______ of interest
What is a sample?
What is the characteristic of non-probability sampling techniques?
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Cons of non-probability sampling techniques
Pros and cons of Convenient Sampling
Without careful controls, convenient sampling may be biased in some way
Example:
- 1st Year REP – Recruit 1st Year students
- Schizophrenia – Recruit participants through hospitals, support services etc.
Can quotas control all of the sampling bais? If no, what should we do?
Why are ethics important in psychological research?
The process of conducting psychological research in Australia is governed by the recommendations of the ______________.
What are the core principles?
- Research Merit and Integrity
- Justice
- Beneficence
- Respect
What is Merit in psychological research?
- Research that has merit is research that is justified by its potential benefit to humanity
- Scientifically sound in terms of design & methodology, such that it is likely to achieve its aims
How to ensure that a study has merit?
What is integrity in psychological research?
- Well-founded principles of research conduct
- Report findings honestly and transparently
What is Justice in psychological research?
- Ensure that the inclusion & exclusion of participants are fair and equitable
- No unfair burden placed upon any participant group/participants are not exploited in any way
What is Beneficence in psychological research?
- Consider risks & benefits
- Research should involve likely benefits to either participants/community that would justify any discomfort/risks to participants
- Potential risk associated with participation in research are minimised and controlled
- Researchers should highlight clearly to participants the risks & benefits associated prior to their involvement to help participants decide if they want to participate in the study
What is Respect in psychological research?
- Holding regard for the value of research participants and their culture, beliefs and welfare
- Respect the privacy and confidentiality of participants
- Empower people to make decisions about the participation and data they contribute to the research study
To ensure that a study is ethical, researchers submit a ______ to an ethics advisory group/committee, who will _______ the project
What is included in the research proposal?
- Background info of the project in terms of literature
- Detailed account of research methodology
- A description of how potential risks will be managed
- A copy of all of the measures that will be used
- A clear explanation of what participants will be asked to do and how they will be supported
What documents will participants be given?
To measure psychological phenomena as precisely and unambiguously as possible, use ________
How can we represent a frequency distribution?
- Frequency histogram
- Frequency table
- Boxplot
What is Central Tendency
What is the mean and with what kinds of distributions do we use it?
- Sum the data and divide the sum by the number of scores
- Use with interval and ratio data & normal distributions
What is the median and with what kinds of distributions do we use it?
Not vulnerable to outliers
Use when data is skewed or has outliers & with ordinal scales of measurement
What is the mode and with what kinds of distibutions do we use it?
Use with discrete data & nominal scales of measurement
What is a low variability? Is it a good or bad representation of what is typical?
- Good representation
What is a high variability?
- Bad representation of what is typical
How to calculate standard deviation?
- Sum of squares
- Variance
- Standard Deviation
Characteristics of a deductive argument - What do they start and end with?
- They start with a broad premise
- Provide support for reaching a very specific conclusion
When is a deductive argument used for?
Characteristics of an inductive argument
What kinds of inductive arguments are there?
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