Gene Transfer - Horizontal gene transfer - Transposable elements
3 important questions on Gene Transfer - Horizontal gene transfer - Transposable elements
Class 1 (copy and paste) (retrotransposons)
First the gene is transcribed from RNA to DNA and it is then reverse transcribed to DNA which is inserted into the genome. Catalyzed by reverse transcriptase.
Class 2 (cut and paste) (DNA transposons)
Here, the transposase makes a staggered cut with overhangs and cuts out the transposon which is then ligated into a new target site. The DNA polymerase fills in the gaps and ligase closes the sugar-phosphate backbone, resulting in a duplication of that target site.
Two common structures of transposons
1. Insertion sequence (IS) at the right and left; contains transposase enzyme gene
2. Antibiotic resistance; confers selective advantage to bacteria containing the transposon, in the presence of an antibiotic
2. Antibiotic resistance; confers selective advantage to bacteria containing the transposon, in the presence of an antibiotic
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