Bacterial Defence Against Host Immune System

6 important questions on Bacterial Defence Against Host Immune System

Two ways to penetrate the mucus layer

1. Flagella (Salmonella, Virbrio Cholera, Campylobacter jejuni
2. Mucus degrading species (Akkermansia muciniphila)

C1 inhibitor and C4bp

Regulate the classical pathway

Membrane (M) proteins

M proteins confer complement resistance and show great structural and antigenic variation between strains and are considered to be the major virulence factor of S. Pyogenes.
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Tolerance can arise in which 3 different ways?

1. Fetal exposure to Ag
2. High persistent dose of circulating Ag
3. Molecular mimicry

Mutliple antigenic types

Between serotypes, so having variant strains of the same pathogenic species.

3 polymorphic surface molecules (enterobacteria)

1. O-antigen; lipopolysaccharide
2. H-antigen; flagellar proteins
3. K-antigen; capsular polysaccharide

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