Summary: Refining Process | Afpm
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1 Refining Process | AFPM
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The hot crude oil gasses are passed into the bottom of a distillation column and become ___ as they move up the height of the column.
cooler -
As the gasses cool below their boiling point, they ___ into a liquid.
condense -
The liquids are then drawn off the distilling column at specific heights, ranging from ___ ___ at the bottom, ___ ___ ___ in the mid-sections, and ___ ___ at the top.
- heavy resids (residuals)
- raw diesel fuels
- raw gasoline
-
Raw ___ are then processed further to make several different products.
fractions -
One barrel of crude petroleum contains only ___-___% gasoline.
30-40% gasoline -
Transportation demands require that over 50% of the crude oil be "___" into gasoline.
"converted" -
To meet the high demand for gasoline, some petroleum fractions must be converted to gasoline by means of ___, ___, and ___.
- cracking
- reforming
- isomerization
-
fluid catalytic cracking unit =
uses heat and catalyst to break or "crack" large gas oil molecules into a range of smaller ones, specifically gasoline, low quality diesel stocks, and residual oil called slurry (fuel oil). -
Generally, the simplest refineries consist of ___, ___, ___, and some ___ capacity.
- crude
- vacuum
- reforming
- hydrotreating
-
The mid level of refinery complexity adds ___ ___ and some additional ___ to the most basic refinery capabilities.
- cat cracking (catalytic cracking)
- hydrotreating
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