Warrants and convertibles

6 important questions on Warrants and convertibles

What is a warrant?

A security that gives holders the right to buy a predetermined quantity of shares of a company for a fixed period

What are the differences between warrants and call options?

1. Warrants have a longer expiry date, sometimes none at all
2. Call options are issued by individuals and warrants by companies
3. When a warrant is exercised, new shares have to be issued, causing dilution

What is a convertible bond?

A bond that gives the owner the right to exchange this bond to a number of shares until the maturity date of the bond
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What is the conversion premium?

The difference between the conversion ratio and the market value of the shares

What 3 components make up the value of a convertible bond?

1. Straight bond value - the value that the convertible bond would sell for if it could not be converted into equity
2. Conversion value - the value the bonds would be worth if they were immediately converted into equity at current prices
3. Option value - waiting on value change

What are the reasons for issuing convertible bonds?

1. Matching of cash flows - no expensive financing if income stream is not great yet
2. Risk synergy - when you don't know the risks yet
3. Agency fees - incentives for creditors to force companies into low-risk activities
4. Back door equity - equity is added, but not the normal way

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