Preprocessing in remote sensing

12 important questions on Preprocessing in remote sensing

Whereto aims image rectification and restoration?

To correct distorted and degraded image data to create a more faithful representation of the original scene. Also called preprocessing

What are typical preprocessing operations?

- Radiometric preprocessing to adjust digital values for the effect of for example a hazy atmosphere
- Geometric preprocessing to bring an image into registration with a map or another image

What are internal errors?

Are created by the sensors itself, usually systematic (predictable) and stationary (constant) and may be determined from prelaunch or in-flight radiometric calibration measurements
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What are external errors?

Are due to platform pertubations and the influence of the atmosphere and specific characteristics of the remotely sensed object, which are variable in nature

What are the most common preprocessing steps to account for external errors in remotely sensed imagery?

- Atmospheric correction
- Geometrical correction

What are the pathways in which electromagnetic energy or light from the sun reaches the sensor?

- Direct reflected light
- Skylight
- Air light

By which factors is the radiance measured by a sensor for a specific object on earth influenced?

- Changes in scene illumination
- Atmospheric condition
- Viewing geometry
- Instrument response charasteristics

How can you rduce the influences of the above mentioned aspects?

Through the application of radiometric correction techniques

What is image noise?

Image noise is any unwanted distrubance in image data due to limitations in the sensing, signal digitization, or data recording process

What is rayleigh scattering?

Is generated through the influence of air molecules on radiation. This scattering is wavelength dependent, with shorter wavelengths showing larger scattering effects.

What is mie scattering?

The result of the influence of aerosols on radiance. Aerosols are small solid or liquid particles that remain suspended in the air and follow the motion of the air within certain broad limits.

What is non-selective scattering?

Not dependent on wavelength of the radiation. The relevant particles, like dust some and rain, are much larger than the wavelength. This type of scattering is of minor importance on a cleaur day

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