Summary: Reproduction And Fertility

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  • lecture 3 pregnancy and parturition

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  • What is the function of PGF2a after parturition?

    Expulsion of lochia and reduction of uterine size by myometrial contractions
  • What is meant with uterine involution? 


    Restoration of the uterus to its normal non pregnant size and function after parturition
  • How is lactational anoestrus caused?

    Low GnRH/LH release from the milk production and negative energy balance in lactation
  • What are the 4 stages of puerperium?



    1
    Myometrial contractions and expulsion of lochia
    2
    Endometrial repair
    3
    Resumption of ovarian function
    4
    Elimination of bacterial contamination of the reproductive tract
  • What hormones play a role in the expulsion of the foetus?

    Oxytocin and PGF2a
  • What hormones play a role in cervical dilation and relaxation of the pelvic ligaments?

    Relaxin, oestrogens and PGF2a
  •  What are the 3 phases of parturition?


    1
    Cervical dilation and relaxation of the birth canal
    2
    Expulsion of the foetus
    3
    Expulsion of the foetal membranes
  • Swelling of mammary tissue, restless and milk production are an example of:

    Symptoms before parturition
  • Besides progesterone and oestrogen, 2 other hormones play a role in the parturition process. What are those hormones and what do they do?

    relaxin: 
    • Not in the cow
    • produced by the placenta and by the CL
    • causes softening of the connective tissue in the cervix
    • promotes elasticity of the pelvic ligaments

    maternal oxytocin:
    • Produced by the pituitary
    • Stimulates contraction of the smooth muscles in the myometrium
  • What is the function of PGF-2a?

    Inducing regression of the corpus luteum and thus a decline in progesterone.
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