Fertilisation
24 important questions on Fertilisation
What is transport of the oocyte a result from and what movements/contractions are involved?
Which 4 factors determine the transport of oocytes in the oviduct?
Secretion activity of the nonciliated secretory epithelium of the oviduct
Regulated by the estrogen-progestron ratio
Direction and reate of the currents and counter currents of luminal fluids
Hydrodynamic properties of luminal fluids at the critical times that ova are being transported
Frequency and force of the contractions of the myosalpinx and the mesosalpinx
Regulated by endocrine and neural factors
What takes place in the proximal part of the ampullary region, near the ampullary-isthmic junction?
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Deposition of sperm cells is different in species.
Where does deposition in ruminants takes place?
Why does seminal plasma has a negative effect on fertilisation?
Contractions of the female tract in case of fertilisation is called:
What are the 3 phases of sperm transport?
- Fast, short transport
- Colonisation of the seminal reservoirs
- A slow release of sperm cells from the reservoir.
What are the sperm reservoirs in the pig and ruminants?
Pig:
Junction between uterus and oviduct
Ruminants
: Crypts of the cervical canal
What is the fertilizing capacity of sperm cells? Does is change with age?
What is meant with capacitation and where does it take place?
What is the result of capacitation?
Capacitation is a reversible process in vitro, what does this mean?
How does the sperm cell attach to the oocyte and which proteins and receptors are involved?
How does attachment in chicken work? Do they have a zona pellucida and proteins?
What is an acrosome reaction and what is the relation with capacitation?
What is a calcium-dependent process?
What is a cortical reaction and what is the result?
What happens with the cortical reactions in rabbits, birds and fish?
Does not have a zona block, only a vitelline block, so many sperm cells are found in the zona pellucida and peri-vitelline space after fertilisation
Birds and fish
Cortical reaction results in release of glycoproteins and forms the eggwhite
What is a maternal pronucleus?
When is a second polar body formed?
How is the male pronucleus formed?
What happens if an aged oocyte maybe gets fertilised and what are the options?
It can be fertilised but the embryo will not be viable. Because:
- Polyspermy takes place
- The second polar body is not extruded
- The female pronucleus is not formed properly
What happens if an aged sperm cell fertilise?
What process is meant if the egg develops without the genetic contribution of a sperm cell?
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