Testing strategies for embryo-fetal toxicity of human pharmaceuticals. animal models versus in vitro approaches
4 important questions on Testing strategies for embryo-fetal toxicity of human pharmaceuticals. animal models versus in vitro approaches
What is the embryonic stem cell test (EST)?
- It is an alternative 3R case because it is essential animal free.
- It has many similarities with the inner cell mass of the blastocyst.
- It is used to get preliminary information on the developmental toxicity potential of new pharmaceuticals.
What are advantages and disadvantages from using rats and rabbits in animal testing?
- The pharmacological effect may be higher in rabbits than in rats.
- Rabbits are more sensitive to fetal loss
What kind of in vitro approaches do we have?
- rat whole embryonic cell culture: based on the moment of gestation when the main morphongenesis takes place. In this way the embryo is independent of maternal toxicity.
- zebrafish embryonic culture: even early embryo's can perform phase 1 metabolism.
- human embryonic stem cell test
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What should a test set have for a standardized generic protocol?
- it should contain all known human teratogens
- it should contain chemicals of different classes
- it should contain different modes of action with known in vivo data.
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