Summary: Research Methods In Muscularskeletal Physiotherapy 1

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• college 1 basisstatistiek

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• In which level of measurement does the nominal variable belong, and what does it measure?

  categorical,
  uses names, labels or numbers to assign data into more than two categories

• In which level of measurement does the ordinal variable belong, and what does it measure?

  Categorical
  Similar to nominal but the categories can be ordered in rank. No information about the differences between categories

• In which level of measurement does the interval variable belong, and what does it measure?

  Continuous
  Data measured on a scale with equal intervals and an arbitrary zero

• In which level of measurement does the ratio variable belong, and what does it measure?

  Data with a true zero that reflects the absence of a measured characteristic, rations of values along the scale should be meaningful.

• What is criterion validity? What types are there?

  The extent that the measurements predict a directly observable phenomenon
  
  concurrent validity: data are recorded simultaneously
  Predictive validity: data used to predict observations later

• What is reliability? What types are there?

  Precision, the extent to which repeated measurements of a stable phenomenon by different people and instruments at different times and places get similar results
  
  inter- and intra observer reliability
  test-retest reliability

• What do precision and accuracy mean?

  precision how well everything is concentrated at one point
  Accuracy how well it is near the target you want

• What are characteristics of a normal distribution curve?

  Bell shaped curve
  symmetrical about the centre
  Mean median and mode located at the centre
  Standard deviations occur at the inflexion points

• What is useful about the normal distribution of a variable?

  It is possible to express any score for that variable in terms of the number of standard deviations away from the population mean

• What are graphical ways of assessing normality? What is the limit of this?

  Histogram
  q-q plot 
  boxplot
  
  Is limited with small sample size