Interrogation tools for consumers of research

14 important questions on Interrogation tools for consumers of research

How do we call a variable whose levels are simply observed and recorded as it occurs naturally?

a measured variable.

How do we call a variable that a researcher controls.

a manipulated variable.

What do we call a construct or conceptual variable that is defined at a theoretical level?

a conceptual definition.
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What is an operational variable?

a conceptual variable turned into a measurable variable.

How do we call an argument someone is trying to make?

a claim.

How do we call a study in which two variables are measured and the relationship between them is tested?

a correlational study.

What is a claim which states that one variable is responsible for changing the values of another.

a causal claim.

How do we call the statistical figure that how well the results of the sample differ from the hypothetical results of the population?

the margin of error of the estimate.

How do we call probability that the results of an experiment could have been obtained by chance if there really is no relationship?

statistical significance.

How do we call not finding an association in the results of two variables in the sample when really in the population this association is there?

type 2 error, or a miss.

Which criteria does a study need to satisfy in order to produce a causal claim?

  • association between the variables
  • temporal precedence
  • internal validity

How do we call the criterion of a causal study that states that one variable must occur before the other variable occurs in time?

temporal precedence.

How do we call the criterion for a causal study that states that the study must eliminate all other explanations for the association?

internal validity.

Which technique ensures that the groups of subjects are even and therefore most representable for the population?

random assignment.

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