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Hemadynamic disorders, thromboembolism and shock - Edema

4 important questions on Hemadynamic disorders, thromboembolism and shock - Edema

What is the main cause of Edema caused by Increases in hydrostatic pressure?

Disorders that impair venous return
e.g. Venous thrombosis
It can also be caused by cardiac, renal, and hepatic failure

How does congestive heart failure result in edema?

Reduced cardiac output leads to systemic venous congestion, this results in capillary hydrostatic pressure, thus edema.
However, heart failure causes decreased renal blood flow, which activates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone causing an increased blood volume, and thereby resulting in (more) edema.

How do malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome and decreased hepatic synthesis result in edema?

These all cause reduction of plasma albumin concentrations. This leads to decreased colloid osmotic pressure of the blood and loss
of fluid from the circulation, thus edema