Inflammation and repair - Acute inflammation
13 important questions on Inflammation and repair - Acute inflammation
Name the 3 major components of Acute inflammation
- Dilation of small vessels (leads to an increase in blood flow)
- Increased permeability of the vessel wall (plasma proteins and leukocytes are able to leave the circulation)
- emigration of the leukocytes from the microcirculation, their accumulation in the focus of injury, and their activation to eliminate the offending agent
What is the difference between exudate and transudate
Pus is a purulent exudate. What does it consist of?
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What are the consequenses of the loss of fluid and increased vessel diameter in vasodilation?
It leads to slower blood flow, concentration of red cells in small vessels, and increased viscosity of the blood. This results in stasis of blood flow.
What cells elicit retraction of endothelial cells causing the opening of interendothelial spaces
histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, and other chemical mediators
What are other causes of vascular leakage?
Why are neutrophils and macrophages the most important leukocytes in typical inflammatory reactions?
What is the first step in Leukocyte Adhesion to Endothelium
Chemokines play an important role in the stable adhesion of the leukocytes. What is their function?
- The integrins on leukocytes undergo conformational changes, which result in a high-affinity state of the integrins
- Activation of endothelial cells causes an increased expression of ligands (ICAM-1) for integrins --> chemokines TNF and IL-1
Chemokines are chemoattractant cytokines that are secreted by many cells at sites of inflammation
What causes a firm adhesion of the leukocytes to the endothelium?
What causes leukocyte migration through the endothelium?
platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) mediates
the binding events needed for leukocytes to transmigrate through the endothelium.
Leukocyte activation is induced by recognition of microbes or mediators by several receptors. Name these recptors and what they recognise.
Toll-like receptor --> microbes
Cytokine receptor --> cytokines
Phagocytic receptor
What is the process of Intracellular Destruction of Microbes and Debris?
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