Blood vessels - Atherosclerosis
14 important questions on Blood vessels - Atherosclerosis
How can artherosclerotc plaques cause stenosis (=vernauwing)?
How can artherosclerotc plaques cause thrombosis or occlusion?
Name the pathogenic events that result in atheroclerosis according to the model in the book
- Chronic endothelial injury, EC injury
- endothelial dysfunction (increased permeability), monocyte and platelet adhesion
- monocyte and SMC migration into the intima, macrophage activation and accumulation of lipids in the vessle wall
- macrophage and SMC uptake of lipids, lipid accumulation in the cells which respond by releasing inflammatory cytokines
- SMC proliferation, ECM elaboration, collagen desposition
- plaque is formed
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What is the contribution of inflammation to arterosclertic plaques?
Monocytes differentiate into macorphages and engulf lipids. What kind of lipid?
What cells are responsible for inflammation?
- Cholesterol crystals
- activates inflammasome
- release IL-5
- T lymphocytes
- inflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma)
One of the consequenses of inflammation is release of growth factors by activated of leukocytes and vessle wall. What does the growth factors promote?
Name a few growth factors that promotes proliferation of SMC and matrix synthesis
What can induce trombus formation in regard to arterosclorectic plaques?
Plaque erosin and rupture triggers thrombosis. What can this lead to?
Atherosclerosis is characterized by atherosclerotic plaques. Name the two types
- Stable plaque --> Thick fibrous cap without inflammation
- unstable (or vulnerble) plaque --> Thin fibrous cap OR thick fibrous plaque with inflammation in the cap OR large numbers of foam cells in the core and abundent extracellular lipid
A stable plaque can turn into an unstable plaque when inflammation in the cap occurs
What affects the cap integrity (its mechanical strenght and stability)?
Which cells synthesize collagen?
Loss of these cells result in cap weakening
How does plaque inflammation destabilizes the mechanical integrity of the cap?
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