Lung - Pulmonary infections

4 important questions on Lung - Pulmonary infections

What is the most common bacterial pneumonia

S. pneumoniae which usually has a lobar pattern of involvement.

Bacterial pneumonia has two patterns of anatomic distribution. Which are these?

  1. bronchopneumonia = Patchy consolidation of the lung
  2. lobar pneumonia = consolidation of a large portion of a lobe or of an entire lobe

Consolidation = “solidification” of the lung due to replacement of the air by exudate in the alveoli

What are the 4 stages of the inflammatory response in lobar pneumonia?

1. congestion
  • 1-2 days
  • Hemorrhagic exudate
2. red hepatization
  • 2-4 days
  • Granulocytes, erythrocytes
  • Fibrine
  • Pleural effusion
3. gray hepatization
  • 3-8 days
  • Break down of erythrocytes and hemoglobine
4. resolution
  • Sometimes fibrosis, bronchiectasies
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What is the histopathological hallmark of tuberculosis

granular caseation (= necrosis involving dead cells with no nuclei and debris) surrounded by epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleate giant cells

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