Heart - Valvular heart disease

10 important questions on Heart - Valvular heart disease

What are the consequences of Valvular diseases?

stenosis, insufficiency, or both

What is meant by Insufficiency (= regurgitation or incompetence) as a result of a valvular disease?

Failure of the valve to close completely, thereby allowing regurgitation (backflow) of blood.

Valvular insufficiency can result from intrinsic disease of the valve cusps. Name an example

endocarditis
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Valvular insufficiency can be caused without primary cuspal injury. Explain this

It can be caused by disruption of the supporting structures (e.g., the aorta, mitral annulus, tendinous cords, papillary muscles, or ventricular free wall)

What is typical for diseased valves

abnormal heart sounds called 'murmurs'

What is the most common congenital valvular lesion

a lesion in a bicuspid aortic valve

What is Degenerative valve disease

changes that affect the integrity of the valvular extracellular matrix

What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis?

Calcific Aortic Stenosis

What is the Pathogenesis of Acute rheumatic fever?

hypersensitivity reaction classically attributed to antibodies directed against group A streptococcal molecules that cross-react with host myocardial antigens

What is Infective Endocarditis

microbial infection of the heart valves or the mural endocardium that leads to the formation of vegetations composed of thrombotic debris and organisms, often associated with the destruction of the underlying cardiac tissues
(=thrombosis & necrosis)

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