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16 important questions on Gain support, gain power

When did the Romans conquer Italy?

Between 500-275 BC

What happened in the 4th and 3th century BC? And what is the result of that?

The Romans expanded their empire over Italy
By conquering the Greek colonies in the south of Italy, they came in contact with the Greek Hellenistic culture

What happened after the Romans conquered Italy?

They came in conflict with Carthago, the Northern African city state that ruled the western Mediterenean sea.
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How where the Carthagers also called?

The Punics

What was the result of the conflict between the Rome and Carthage?

The two Punic wars.

What did the Romans have to do to control the Mediterranean Sea?

Win the Punic Wars (264-149BC) with great difficulty

What happened after the Romans won the last Punic war?

Within the next two centuries they conquered the western part of the hellenistic empire (Spain and Northern Africa). It is the start of the Imperium Romanum

What is one of the results of an expanding empire on the soldiers?

It becomes impossible to travel home to your own house/farm each year, so it becomes impossible to run your army based only on your own people (in this case the Roman citizens, who paid for their own arms).  So you start hiring people (poor people hoping to get rich by looting)

What is the result of an expanding empire on the generals of your army?

The general also couldn't be replaced each year. So they were given the opportunity to conquer huge areas and form strong alliances with their soldiers. Becoming more powerful and rich.

Who payed the salary of the soldiers and what did this result in?

Generals payed the salary
the generals became very powerful
Result: power struggle between generals for political power

Who won the power struggle between generals for political power?

Julius Ceasar

What is the importance of the paved roman roads?

  1. Possibility to move your army from one place to another, where it is needed
  2. Fast way to send a message from Rome to all over the empire and back
  3. Trade roads. This leads to wealth

What made the Roman Empire split in the Western and Eastern Empire? When did this happen?

  1. Mass migration
  2. Defending the borders

395 AD

When was Rome conquered? And what does this mark?

476AD
It's the end of the Western Roman Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire lasted until 1453 AD

What does the social pyramid of Rome look like?

  1. Slaves (biggest group)
  2. Small farmers, craftspeople and shopkeepers
  3. senators and knights
  4. emperor (1 person)

How did peasant farmers (small farmers) become proletarians?

  1. They had to fight in the army
  2. got into financial problems
  3. had to sell their land: landowner got richer and richer (villa, slaves)
  4. went to cities to make a living: became proletarians

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