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1 Systems Approach
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what are the 3 steps in systems approach? describe them
1. zoom out -> description of the general problem situation, general research question, delineation of the system and its context -> HOLISTIC
2. zoom in -> detailed analysis of partial research questions, work together with specialists -> REDUCTIONISTIC
3. integrate -> answer the research question -
what are specialized disciplines?
a branch of knowledge characterized by shared concepts and approaches -
what are negative side effects of highly intensive agricultural systems? name 6
- contamination of the environment
- depletion of finite resources
- loss of natural landscapes and biodiversity
- impaired animal welfare
- problems related to product quality
- societal resistance with respect to current agricultural practices -
what is needed in research to solve side effects of agricultural production?
a more holistic approach -
what is the definition of system in the sense of a unit from Autrian biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy?
A system is an entity, which maintains its existence through the mutual interaction of its parts -
what is a hierachy of systems?
a system is always part of a higher system (supra system) and contains always lower systems (subsystems) -
on what is the system boundary dependent?
on the research question -
A model is an imitation of the real world. What are 2 types of models?
physical: scale models
abstract: word/graphical/mathematical models -
where do you use a timeline for?
visualizing the occurrences of important events regarding the problem studied in time -
where do you use a rich picture for?
to express the concerns or ideas of a group of stakeholders and relations between different aspects of a problem
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