Systems Approach
76 important questions on Systems Approach
What are elements of a rich picture?
What are 4 examples of relation diagrams and graphical models?
What does an organizational diagram show?
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
What does a flow diagram show?
What are graphical models used for?
What is the definition of a word model and name one example?
What are 3 examples of mathematical models?
What is the function of a statistical model?
In which step is a statistical model used?
How can you describe how far the observations are from the mean?
What is the most commonly used measure for central location of a distribution?
What are 2 criteria to choose the best model in regression models?
2. deviations need to be randomly distributed around the predicted line
How can statistic comparisations be done?
How are simulation models useful?
Is a system statistic or dynamic?
What are 6 possible behaviors of a (sub)systems in time?
Positive and negative do not refer to an increase/decrease of a value. Where do they refer to?
What is the rule of thumb in relation to a negative feedback loop?
How does a producer contain inorganic nutrients?
What do producers do in the environment?
What do consumers do with the energy from the environment?
Do inorganix nutrients contain carbon-carbon chemical bonds?
What are assimilated nutrients used for?
What is the primary role of nutrients for maintenance?
What is the state of the system?
What is the dynamic development of a system in time?
What is the difference between a deterministic and a stochastic model?
stochastic models include the use of random variables
What are the 4 steps for building a simulation model with stella?
2. transform map into equations, model numerating (structure)
3. simulate results for various situations
4. analyse/interpret your results
Stella is a dynamic simulation. What does this mean?
What are 2 functions with a maximum or a minimum?
What are 2 functions with an asymptote?
What is a optimization model and in which step is it used?
-> step 3
Who developed Linear Programming?
Why is Linear Programming used?
What is the objective function by LP?
What are 3 methods to obtain solutions for LP problems?
2. Corner-point method
3. simplex method
Why is a slack variable added for each constraint?
What are 2 variations of the simplex method?
-inverse matrix methods
What are 2 various definitions of scenarios?
-an internally consistent view of what the future might turn out to be, a possible future outcome
- a tool for ordening ones perception about alternative future environments in which ones decision might be placed out
- a set of reasonable plausible but structurally different futures
When are scenarios most powerful and how many is considered optimal?
-> 2 to 5
What are 5 characteristics of ordinal variables?
- variables that can be ordered/ranked
- no zero point and no exact numerical value
- rank variables
- distances between categories are not necessarily equal
- central tendency: mode, median
What are 5 characteristics of nominal variables?
- categorial data
- labels, no numerical value
- represent group membership
- no substraction, addition, multiplying
- central tendency: mode
What is the definition of discrete variables and name 2 examples?
-> nominal and ordinal variables
What is the definition of continuous variables and name 2 examples?
-> interval and ratio variables
Economic, general and ethical objections are 3 objections for measurement. what do they mean?
general: usefulness and meaningfulness of numbers and statistics
ethical: immoral to measure
A set of observations that reduce uncertainty where the result is expressed as a quantify, is a definition of?
Where do precision and accuracy refer to with measurements?
accuracy: how close a measurement is to its true value
What are 3 types of bias?
- expectancy bias: seeing what we want to see
- selection bias: even when attempting randomness in samples, we can get unintentional no randomness
- observer bias: humans\animals change behaviour when they are being observed
What are soft problems?
What are 2 ways to observe preferences?
- revealed preferences (what they really do)
What are 5 forms of questions in studying factors with a human component?
- likert scale: asked what they choose in range of possible feelings
- multiple choice
- ordinal: rank a limited number of options
- open ended
- visual analogue scale: assessment for .....
Name 5 strategies to avoid response bias?
- keep question precise and short
- avoid loaded there (positive or negative meaning)
- avoid leading questions (tells respondent what to answer)
- avoid compound questions (more questions)
- reverse question or change scale
How do you avoid human judges and cognitive bias?
- anchoring: a value used in a question has a influence on the outcome of the next question
- halo/horns effect: where a person's impression of another can substantially influence one's thoughts and feelings about that person
- bandwagon bias: follow opinions or answer of others
- emerging preferences: changing behaviour
What is the club of Rome?
The conceptual definition of sustainability of the Brundtland Commission contains 2 key concepts, what are those?
- concepts of needs, poverty alleviation, social equitability, economic viability
- limitations, environmental limitation
What are the EES issues?
Five phase framework for evaluating and monitoring sustainable development in Animal Production Systems?
- Describe the problem, determine stakeholders
- Determine relevant EES issues
- Translate relevant EES issues into sustainability indicators
- Assess the contribution of SI to overall SUSD
- Communicate results and review process of sustainable
development.
What does the indicator human and ecotoxity do?
What are the different environmental issues?
What happens when N-eutrophication occurs?
2. Nutrient balance in the soil is disturbed , increased risk of vegetation damage .
3. Surplus N in the form of nitrate leaches to the ground water --> causes oxygen defciency in blood when consumed .
Where are P and N eutrophication both the result of?
Which are the three main GHG's?
2. methane CH4
3. nitrous oxide N2O
What are 5 societal issues relevant with respect to animal production?
- Food safety
- Animal health & welfare
- Ergonomics
- Landscape quality
- Consumer concernes
Where is landscape quality of a farm the result of?
mutual interaction between natural features of the region and decisions and attitude of the farmer .
A starting point for animal health and welfare are the five freedoms by the Farm Animal Welfare Council. What are those five freedoms?
2. Freedom from discomfort
3. Freedom from pain, injury and disease
4. Freedom to express normal behaviour
5. Freedom from fear and distress
Two types of indicators exist to monitor animal health and welfare:
2. Animal-based directly assess health and welfare based on animal information/ observation
What are advantages and disadvantages of animal-based indicators?
- Directly monitor health and welfare --> more relevant.
- Using information from outside the animal --> data accessibility
- outside animal : gathering does not disturb the animal -->accuracy
Disadvantages of animal-based indicators :
- require specialists
- time consuming and demand special tools
An environmentally-based indicator to monitor animal health and welfare is the?
Animal Needs Index, The higher the score , the higher the welfare
What are 5 components of the ANI scores of the animal's environment?
2. Social contact with members of the same species
3. Condition of the floors on which animals are lying, standing and walking
4. Stable climate
5. The intensity of human care
Procedure for making LCA consists of four phases:
2. Inventory analysis (all inputs as well as emissions from system)
3. Impact assessment : two sub phases - Classification & Characterization
4. Interpretation phase
What happens in the two sub phases of the impact assessment in making a LCA?
What is Life Cycle Assessment?
a method for analyzing and assessing the environmental aspects and the potential environmental impact of a material , product or service throughout its entire life cycle .
What are 2 methods to present and integrate SI results are distinguished?
2. Numerical aggregation
*Visual presentation does not aggregate information from different S I into anoverall judgement of SUSD .
What is a way to determine a scale for each SI?
How can you compare the performance of indicator scores to the once of a reference system?
You use this formula : D =+/-(T-A )/T
Where D is the relative to the target value , T is the target value and A is the actual .
When a decrease in SI means an improvement regarding sustainability --> positive formula
When a increase in SI means an improvement regarding sustainability --> negative formula
How can you calculate numerical aggregation?
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
