History (1 nov)

8 important questions on History (1 nov)

Why is it important mean with future theft and not only one certain event in the links of governmentality, crime, and the population?

  • To get a better understanding, see patterns.
  • prevention of crime (regulations)
  • prevention is cheaper than prosecution
  • Cost in general
    • seeing crime as a single crime, you might be repeating steps that could've been avoided.
      • arrest, prosecution, etc.
~according to Valverde

What is the difference between governmentality and social control?

social control is exercised through individuals( and groups) and institutions. Therefore, it is not the same as Foucault's governmentality where the state is the main force, whereas with social control the people are more important.

What do we consider informal social contro?

'rough music' (young person married an older person), charivari, peer-pressure, gossip, desecration of one's home, vigilante's acts....

act that are publicly committed by individuals to denounce non-respects of the norms of the majority. Build the importance of shame and on the process of othering to convince someone of their wrongdoing and prevent them doing it again.

>fear of being caught by someone what a encourages a potential offender not to act (eyes on the street) could be either peaceful or violence, like mob justice.
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What is in between informal and formal social control and why?

Private security; due to that this force follows codes of institutions but does not have all the rights that the institutions have, e.g. Arresting someone when you commit something.

Why does the police exist?

>safety in the city->1) encourages trade, 2) leads to growth (mumchembled, 2009).

Society has to be managed/corrected in general and not only when committing crimes.

From the renaissance to Napoleon, was there one type of police?

No, in contrary it was a multi-layered. A very heterogenous: cultural, political and judicial differences

What were the tasks of the 'old' police?

  • Enforce common standards
  • control goods and people entering
  • armed support for tax collection
  • call the hours raise the alarm in case of fire
  • control faith
  • help catching criminals (for a fee)
  • defence of the city in case of attack
  • MEDIATION
    • between neighbours
    • authorities and the population
  • NOT PREVENTING CRIME

What are/were limits of centralisation and professionalisation?

  • Importance of the neighbourhood:
  • importance of territorialization: police agents linked to one neighbourhood at a time
    • municipal authorities were grappling with urbanisation
    • tried to keep social cues of the early modern urban and rural culture
Duties of the professional police had sometimes be carried out by civillians

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