Sociality
15 important questions on Sociality
What is sociality and how can it evolve?
What are 3 benefits of sociality?
- foraging
- antipredator: as overall group size increased, individual vigilance decreased
- aerodynamics: a decrease in energy expenditure for birds in flying formatting
What are 2 costs of sociality?
- competition: group size is limited by competition for food
- disease transmission: parasite transmission by young animals is affected by social behaviour
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
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What is a dominance hierarchy?
How does linear dominance works?
What is Hamilton's rule?
What are the 2 mechanisms by Kin discrimination that involve learning?
- direct familiarization: an individual can learn to discriminate kin from non kin through previous associations
- indirect familiarization: individuals learn a reference phenotypic cue from themselves or a known close relative
How is it called when individuals spend time and effort caring for the offspring of others?
By which 2 factors is the evolution of non reproductive helpers explained?
- relation: often closely related to the breeding pair, often older offspring
- ecological contraints: attempting to breed can entail risk based on environmental conditions
What are castes and what do they engage?
What are eusocial species?
What is the haploid hypothesis?
What is byproduct mutualism in cooperative behaviour amount unrelated individuals?
What are 3 conditions required for direct reciprocity?
- opportinity for individuals to interact repeatedly
- fitness benefit of receiving help must exceed the cost of providing help
- individuals must recognize one another to reciprocate helpers and not help past cheaters
What is the difference between indirect and direct reciprocity?
direct: an actor can benefit from a behaviour if the recipient of an altruistic act reciprocates in the future, rarely seen in nature
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
