Maintaining factors

5 important questions on Maintaining factors

What attracts reflexive attention?

- Threat

What are the two main categories of processes involved in cognitive control and salience evaluation?

- Bottom-up processes for salience evaluation/detection
- Top-down cognitive control processes

What processes are included in the bottom-up processes for salience evaluation/detection?

1. Bottom-up orienting to salient/threat cues
2. Alerting
3. Automatic evaluation of motivational salience of stimuli
4. Perceptual analyses
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Which processes are part of the top-down cognitive control processes?

1. Top-down orienting: shift/maintain spatial attention towards or away from stimuli
2. Cognitive flexibility: task/set switching
3. Goal-directed inhibitory control
4. Working memory: maintain and update contents
5. Reason-based appraisal/evaluation of stimuli

What examples of anxiety-related cognitive and behavioural outputs are shown?

- Automatic processing of threat
- Threat monitoring
- Threat avoidance
- Poor cognitive flexibility
- Poor goal-directed inhibitory control
- Working memory issues
- Excessive thought content related to aversive outcomes
- Depleted thought content related to positive outcomes

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