(Main lecture): Social anxiety disorder (SAD)
60 important questions on (Main lecture): Social anxiety disorder (SAD)
What is the distribution of social anxiety levels according to the provided information?
- Varying levels of social anxiety
- Not a binary condition
What personality disorder is characterized by a tendency to avoid social contact in general?
- Tendency to avoid social situations
- Might not be solely anxiety-based
Which personality disorder involves a tendency to not care about others' opinions, potentially using aggression as a coping mechanism?
- Doesn't care about others' opinions
- Aggression as coping mechanism for some
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What is the minimum duration for which fear, anxiety, or avoidance must persist for a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder?
- Duration requirement for diagnosis
- Chronic nature of social anxiety disorder
According to DSM-V criteria, what should be the impact of fear, anxiety, or avoidance related to social situations?
- Affects social, occupational functioning
- Important criterion for diagnosis
What age group typically experiences the onset of social anxiety disorder?
- Impacted severity linked to early onset
- Generalized SAD often diagnosed early
In Western cultures, what is the estimated lifetime prevalence of social anxiety disorder?
- Prevalence in Western cultures
- Approximate range of affected individuals
What is an example of a specific fear or anxiety related to social situations that could indicate social anxiety disorder?
- Fear of negative evaluation
- Specific performance anxieties
What psychological descriptor is associated with those who fear social scrutiny and possible negative evaluation?
- Fear of being scrutinized by others
- Core psychological trait linked to social anxiety
In the context of social anxiety, what could provoke fear or anxiety in affected individuals?
- Being observed or performing in public
- Common triggers for anxiety
What is a key element of a social anxiety diagnosis regarding the fear and anxiety exhibited by individuals?
- Disproportionate fear or anxiety
- Criterion for social anxiety diagnosis
What aspect of fear or anxiety related to social situations differentiates social anxiety disorder from general anxiety?
- Disproportionate to real threat
- Key feature of social anxiety disorder
What is the term used to describe the fear or anxiety being experienced in anticipation of a social situation, rather than during it?
- Anxiety related to anticipation
- Root cause in the expectation of events
In what way does avoidant personality disorder differ from social anxiety disorder, based on the provided information?
- Unclear whether avoidance is anxiety-based
- NATURE of avoiding social situations
How is antisocial personality disorder distinct from social anxiety disorder in terms of social interactions?
- Some may use aggression as coping
- Different reaction to social evaluation
According to the information provided, what type of psychological disorder may exhibit a tendency to not care about social judgments?
- Lacks sensitivity to others' views
- May exhibit aggressive coping mechanisms
What is the gender proportion in clinical population regarding social anxiety disorder?
- As many women as men
What percentage of individuals with social anxiety disorder seek treatment?
- Only 33 percent receives SAD-specific treatment
Can social anxiety disorder become chronic if left untreated?
What are the etiological factors associated with social anxiety disorder?
- Temperament (more drawn back than others)
- Culture, parenting, learning
What are some disorders that overlap with social anxiety disorder in terms of differential diagnosis?
- Shyness
- Agoraphobia
- Panic disorder
- Selective mutism
- Separation anxiety disorder
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- Fear of missing out
How do people with agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder differ in their fears?
- People with SAD fear fainting in public because others could think negatively
What distinguishes panic disorder from social anxiety disorder regarding panic attacks?
- People with SAD get panic attacks due to fear in social situations
How do individuals with separation anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder differ in their fears?
- People with SAD are afraid in any social situation
What is a challenging aspect in distinguishing body dysmorphic disorder from social anxiety disorder?
- It is tricky to distinguish these disorders
What sources contribute to the etiological factors of social anxiety disorder?
How does the fear of missing out differ from social anxiety disorder (SAD)?
- SAD includes fear of exclusion for embarrassing oneself.
What condition is predictive of social fears later in life and is often seen in childhood?
- It is commonly observed in childhood.
What evolutionary benefit does social anxiety provide in group settings?
- It prevented disturbances and ensured cohesion.
What are some brain areas and functions associated with social anxiety disorder?
- Insular Cortex: emotional experience.
- Fusiform Face Area: face recognition.
- Cingulate Gyrus: emotion, learning, memory.
- Striatum: action planning, motivation.
- Prefrontal Cortex: executive functions, cognitive biases.
How do hormones relate to social anxiety disorder?
- Oxytocin: Helps decrease anxiety, not efficacy proven.
What does the graphic illustrate about the role of oxytocin in social anxiety disorder?
- Increased oxytocin doesn't improve social anxiety disorder treatments.
What does the model for social anxiety disorder suggest about perception in social situations?
- They trigger perceptions of social danger and self-consciousness.
- Result in safety behaviors, somatic and cognitive symptoms.
What is the Model of Clark and Wells about?
- Perception of social danger
- Processing oneself as a social object
What symptoms are experienced according to the Model of Clark and Wells?
- Cognitive symptoms like feeling warm face
- Seeing oneself mess up from a third-person perspective
What is the goal of attention training in therapy sessions?
- Analyze attention patterns
- Practice focusing on task
What should the client experience during attention training?
- Analyzing attention patterns
- Focusing only on the task
Why is it important to train the client to focus only on the task during a conversation?
How can a client confirm that they do not look strange during attention training?
- Different from outside image
What is the focus of Hofmann's model regarding self-perception?
- Based on heightened self-focused attention.
- Involves negative self-perception.
In this form of attention training, one should
- watch the recording repeatedly
What does the Model Rapee and Heimberg theory suggest?
- Not focused on inward perspective vs. third-person perspective
What did the attention assessment show about social anxiety disorder?
- Bias towards threatening stimuli over happy faces
Describe the cognitive distortions.
- Leading to emotions
List some common cognitive errors among individuals with social anxiety disorder.
- Catastrophizing, emotional reasoning, labeling
- Selective filtering, mindreading, overgeneralization
- Personalization, over or underestimation, must-thinking
How do individuals with a social anxiety disorder react to threatening stimuli?
- Difficulty in perceiving happy faces
Explain the significance of recording oneself in attention training.
- Watching the recording repeatedly helps normalize the experience
What are safety behaviors in the model of Clark and Wells?
- Give the idea of controlling fears
- Examples: makeup to cover blushing
Why is it important to pay attention to safety behaviors in therapy?
- They give the false idea of control
What are some examples of target behaviors?
- Avoiding eye contact
- Not drinking or eating
When should exposure be applied in social anxiety disorder treatment?
- Behavioral experiment when unsure about negative evaluation
According to Hofmann, what do people with social anxiety disorder also fear besides negative evaluation?
- Mishaps seen as more than bad luck
What can safety behaviors give individuals struggling with anxiety?
- False sense of reassurance
Name a key focus of behavioral experiments in treating social anxiety disorder.
- Explore client's thoughts about negative judgment
What is the purpose of exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder?
- Challenge beliefs about threat
What is emphasized during exposure in vivo for social anxiety treatment?
- No safety behaviors or avoidance allowed
What does Hofmann propose about the perception of social mishaps in social anxiety disorder?
- Interpretation of social mistakes exaggerated
Why is it vital to avoid safety behaviors during exposure therapy for anxiety disorders?
- Prevents true habituation to anxiety triggers
How do behavioral experiments differ from exposure therapy in social anxiety treatment?
- Testing beliefs before full exposure
According to Hofmann, what additional aspect do individuals with social anxiety often fear besides negative judgment?
- Overestimate the impact of social mistakes
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