(Main lecture): Transdiagnostics
52 important questions on (Main lecture): Transdiagnostics
What is the purpose of enhancement in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
- To help clients with partial or no response to CBT
Can the effectiveness of CBT be enhanced through combining treatments like SSRI and CBT?
- Research seeks other ways to improve treatment, such as enhancers
What is the primary goal of using enhancers in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
- To improve extinction learning processes
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How does D-cycloserine work as an enhancer in cognitive-behavioral therapy?
- Enhances extinction learning during exposure sessions
What is the success rate of people responding positively to CBT treatment?
- Room for improvement in effectiveness
How are enhancers used to improve the working mechanism of CBT?
- They are not effective on their own
In what way does D-cycloserine contribute to improving CBT treatment?
- It works on the NMDA-receptor important for learning processes
Why are enhancers such as D-cycloserine given before or after an exposure session in CBT?
- Enhancers work on mechanisms like extinction learning during exposure
Why is D-cycloserine considered a promising enhancer in CBT?
- Works on key mechanisms like the NMDA-receptor important for learning processes
What role does D-cycloserine play in enhancing the treatment efficacy of exposure in CBT?
- Enhances the effectiveness of exposure, particularly in CBT treatment
How does enhancement differ from stand-alone treatments like medication or EMDR?
- Stand-alone treatments like medication or EMDR are effective on their own
What is the main action of MDMA in the treatment of PTSD?
- Enhancer of exposure therapy
- Works only in combination with exposure
What is massed extinction in relation to anxiety disorders?
- Example: cognitive therapy for PTSD in 7 days
- Successful for a number of clients but not all may respond
Why is learning extinction in different contexts important?
- Learning in different contexts enhances effectiveness
- Variation in context is crucial
Why are enhancers like D-cycloserine and MDMA not yet used in clinical practice?
- Interaction uncertainty with other drugs like SSRIs
- Recommendations not established due to lack of clarity
What is the outcome for some clients after massed extinction treatment?
- One-third in panic disorder relapsed within three-six months
- One-third in OCD did not respond well to treatment
How do the responses to intensive exposure vary in panic disorder and OCD?
- OCD: some had partial response, some relapsed
What is the specific treatment approach of Psytrec for PTSD?
- Combination of exposure, EMDR, and sports
How does therapist rotation benefit intensive exposure treatment?
- Variation helps in robust learning
How does working with different therapists benefit intensive exposure treatment?
- Employed in PDA, OCD, and PTSD treatments
What is a notable feature of cognitive therapy for PTSD?
- Fasters response than usual therapy
How does massed extinction treatment differ for panic disorder and OCD?
- Varying levels of relapse post-treatment
What is the notable characteristic of intensive exposure treatment for complex PTSD?
What is Propranolol and when is it offered?
- Decreases physiological symptoms, increases emotional reaction
What happens in the reconsolidation phase with Propranolol?
- Decreased physiological & emotional reactions
What is the issue with disorder-specific treatment for comorbid anxiety disorders?
- More focus pre-1986 on behavior regardless of fear source
- Challenges managing clients with multiple disorders
Why is managing clients with multiple comorbid anxiety disorders a challenge?
- Difficulty in applying treatments to clients with more than one disorder
How does Post-Retrieval Extinction work with Propranolol during traumatic memory retrieval?
- Emotional reaction increases when memory restabilizes
What are some challenges in the treatment of anxiety disorders?
- Increasing DISSEMINATION of treatments
- Diminishing DROPOUT RATES
What is the disadvantage of treating anxiety disorders at the same time with two treatment protocols?
Why is dissemination of treatments difficult for anxiety disorders?
- Many clients have multiple disorders, including depression.
What is a challenge related to the dropout rates in anxiety disorder treatment?
What is the main commonality in anxiety disorders, according to the transdiagnostic approach?
How can the effectiveness of treatment for primary anxiety disorder be affected when treatments are combined?
What are symptoms caused by arousal, avoidance, and intrusions in anxiety disorders termed?
What are some maintaining processes across anxiety disorders related to information processing?
What does the transdiagnostic approach focus on instead of diagnostic features in anxiety disorders?
In addressing comorbidity, what does treating one disorder effectively mean for other comorbid disorders?
How can dissemination of treatments for anxiety disorders be increased to ensure evidence-based treatments are applied effectively?
What are the four main components of the unified treatment approach developed by Barlow et al. for anxiety disorders and comorbid disorders?
- Cognitive reappraisal
- Preventing emotional avoidance
- Modifying of emotion-driven behaviors (EDB)
What is the alternative strategy of Barlow et al. for clients when they perceive negative affect as intolerable/unacceptable/fearful?
- Do not suppress emotions
- Results in natural recovery of mood/anxiety/depression
What are some advantages of the unified treatment approach by Barlow et al. for anxiety disorders and comorbid disorders?
- Inclusive of clients with different diagnoses in one group
- Cost-effective
According to Borsboom, what kind of networks are present in psychopathology based on the network theories he developed?
- Different causal paths for each individual
How do the network theories differ from the DSM-V in terms of symptom importance and interconnectedness?
- Treatments may depend on individual's pathways, not just diagnosis
What is the aim of the transdiagnostic treatment approach developed by Barlow et al. for anxiety disorders?
What is used as a simple model in the treatment protocol developed by Barlow et al. for anxiety disorders and comorbid disorders?
- Learning to tolerate and accept emotions without suppression
What is one current limitation mentioned regarding the effectiveness of the unified treatment approach by Barlow et al. for anxiety disorders?
- Initial results are disappointing
What is a potential setting where the unified treatment approach by Barlow et al. may be effective, despite initial disappointing results?
- Specific settings where it can be effective
How are network theories used to personalize treatments according to the information provided?
- Focusing on the most important symptoms, regardless of diagnosis
What is the main difference between the DSM-V and network theories in terms of symptom evaluation and treatment?
- DSM-V lists symptoms, while network theories consider importance and connections
According to network theories, what may treatment depend on for individuals with psychopathology?
- The most important symptoms for the individual
How do network theories suggest that treatments for psychopathology might be in the future?
- Tailored to the individual's pathways, regardless of diagnosis
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