Summary: Samenvatting Human Infecious Diseases
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1 Lecture 1 + 2
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What is a virus?
The smallest genetic entities.
A piece of genetic information with a protein coat that hijacks' the host cells and replicates itself -
What are the 3 main characteristics of viruses?
- Infectivity
- penetrate and multiply in host cell
- Obligate intracellular parasite
- cannot replicate by itself, no protein synthesizing machinery or energy producing machinery
- property to survive outside a living cell in an extracellular state
- in an inert state or via carrier, depends on environment
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A virus is composed of
- Nucleic acid
- RNA or DNA
- SS or DS
- segmented or non segmented
- protein shell
- assembled form smaller subunits: coat proteins
- lipid membrane / viral envelope
- some viruses
- made from host cell
- Nucleic acid
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All viral RNA genomes are __1__ (linear/circular) except for __2__
1 = Linear
2 = viroids -
The properties of the viral genetic material depends on
The family to which the virus belongs -
The minimal virus needs the 2 genes:
- DNA/
RNA-polymerase - multiplication of RNA or DNA genome
- coat protein
- protection and host interaction
- DNA/
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The viral genomes varies between (nucleotideS)
2,000 - 1,000,000 -
What is mutation rate
The number of necleotides per 1000 nt of genome length that mutate per year -
What affects the mutation rate?
- The nature of the genetic material
- RNA viruses mutate quicker than DNA viruses
- number of generation per year
- The nature of the genetic material
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Why do RNA viruses mutate quicker than DNA viruses
DNA polymerase has proofreading whereas RNA polymerase doesn't
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