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1 Samenvatting
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what are the three 'old' models of broadcasting?
The integration model
the duopoly model
the private sector monopoly model -
what issues and pressures were common for all three models of broadcasting in the 1980s?
uncertainty over the direction of future technology
the spiralling costs of programme production
the emerging demand of liberalisation of previous monopolies -
name the several waves of deregulation of television systems in Europe and the time frame
initial wave - 1986
second wave - 88-95
final wave - early 90s -
What are the effects of broadcasting deregulation?
- increased competition and increased demand
- USA remains world leader in television format export- 60-90% of global market
- obsession with television ratings
- wide spread concern regarding the quality and range of programmes
- competition in news segment
- infotainment
- Public broadcasters venture into commercial territory
- rise of media conglomerates
- collective to individual viewing of television content
- increased competition and increased demand
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what is the 'digital switchover'?
transition from analogue to digital broadcasting -
What factors led to the growth in advertising spendings in the television industry in the 80s and 90s?
- continued growth of private channels
- expansion of digital television leading to an increased multichannel universe
- increased local production, stimulate viewership and television advertsing
- improved economic conditions (end of oil crisis 70s)
- cutbacks in advertising on public channels
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why do the conditions from the 80s television advertising supply differ?
- commercial free television has grown faster than the advertising sector average
- fragmentation among the advertisers and audiences
- broader concern among both broadcasters and the advertising agencies about relevancy of advertising
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what advertising and marketing techniques are possible with digital technology?
- placing direct orders by consumers during programs
- virtual advertising
- product placement
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How can Public Service Broadcasting be defined in Europe?
- geographical universality
- ethics of comprehensiveness
- generalised mandates
- non-commercialism
- place in politics
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When was the British Broadcasting Company founded?
1922
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