VD-GLOB HLTH S5 (HERKANSING) S6 (1e kans)-19 55 MC pnt Open vrgn
51 important questions on VD-GLOB HLTH S5 (HERKANSING) S6 (1e kans)-19 55 MC pnt Open vrgn
1. Who of the following is most vulnerable for undernourishment?
A. An elderly woman from the southern part of Africa
B. A newborn child in the south of Asia
C. A pregnant woman in South America
A. An elderly woman from the southern part of Africa
2. Which of the following non-communicable disease is the most diet-related?
A. Cancers
B. Cardiovascular diseases
C. Chronic respiratory diseases
A. Cardiovascular diseases
4. A 27 year old lady living in South Africa has recently been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes related to her BMI of 29. She has also been anaemic for the past 10 years and is having a regular oral iron treatment. In terms of her overall nutritional status which one of the following describes her best?
A. Double burden of malnutrition
B. Obesity
C. TOFI
C. TOFI
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You are a dietitian appointed to tackle malnutrition in the South Holland region focusing on children from families with a low-socioeconomic status. Your role is best described as one at strategic level. Which of the following options would you include within your role initially?
A. Delivering trainings at schools in order increase the nutritional quality of school foods.
B. Developing and implementing of policies and programmes for tackling malnutrition.
C. Run education group classes at your clinic for children and their families to provide them with basic tips on tackling malnutrition.
B. Run education group classes at your clinic for children and their families to provide them with basic tips on tackling malnutrition.
Global obesity rates are alarming. A number of measures and strategies are implemented at national and international levels every year. One of these measures is making nutritional policies. Which one of the policies below targets obesity?
A. Food fortification
B. Food labelling
C. Food texture manipulation
B. Food labelling
7. The introduction section of a scientific article is often funnel-shaped. In the lecture, we discussed some parts of the introduction. Here are three of these parts (in alphabetic order):
- “aim of the current study” (1)
- “general introduction of the subject” (2)
- “what is not yet known about the problem” (3)
What is the order of these parts in the funnel shaped introduction of a scientific
article?
a. 2,3,1
b. 3,1,2
c. 1,2,3
A. 2,3,1
8. The aim of a researcher is to describe a certain population. What kind of research design would you suggest?
a. Cohort study
b. RCT
c. Survey
C. Survey
Current research done by the Maastricht UMC (NtvG, D4244) showed that among the research population of obese primary school kids, 37% was in a pre- stage of diabetes mellitus type-2. Which of the following is a medical characteristic of this condition?
a. Insulin allergy
b. Insulin deficiency
c. Insulin resistance
C. Insulin resistance
10. What is the proposed molecular and biochemical relationship between overweight and diabetes?
A. Abdominal adipose tissue produces cytokines that interfere with insulin signaling
B. Brown adipose tissue stores energy as triglycerides which affect the pancreas
C. Visceral adipose tissue is the only compound that negatively affects insulin sensitivity
A. Abdominal adipose tissue produces cytokines that interfere with insulin signaling
What are the effects of the North-American or Western diet on our health according to the theory of Mayer as proposed in the Brain-Gut connection book? The contents of the food ...
A. Contain too much insoluble carbohydrates
B. Make the lining of our gut thicker and less permeable
C. Negatively affect the composition of our microbiome
C. Negatively affect the composition of our microbiome
12. What is one of the effects of a high fat, high calorie diet on the gastro-intestinal tract?
A. It changes the composition of the microbiome
B. It lowers the uptake of glucose and nutrients
C. It lowers the risk of irritable bowel syndrom
A. It changes the composition of the microbiome
13. Rank the following products from using ‘less land needed’ to produce to ‘more land needed’:
-Dairy
-Pork
-Maize
A. Dairy, pork, maize
B. Maize, dairy, pork
C. Pork, dairy, maize
B. Maize, dairy, pork
14. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Babies who are big for their age will need solid foods earlier than other babies
B. Using solid foods or drinks from a bottle to comfort a baby could lead to weight problems later in life.
C. When introducing a baby to solid food it is important to immediately feed at regular times in order to prevent gastric problems
B. Using solid foods or drinks from a bottle to comfort a baby could lead to weight problems later in life.
Why is it better NOT to give normal cow's milk to an infant?
A. Cow's milk contains higher concentrations of iron, which may lead to cardiac problems in young children due to iron overload
B. Drinking cow's milk below 1 year of age may increase the risk of developing cow's milk allergy
C. The amount of proteins in cow's milk is too high, and may harm the kidneys
C. The amount of proteins in cow's milk is too high, and may harm the kidneys
16. Mandy is 9 months old. Which of the following solid foods would you recommend?
A. A slice of brown bread with margarine and a hardboiled egg
B. A slice of white bread with butter and honey
C. A slice of whole-wheat bread with low fat margarine and liver pâté.
A. A slice of brown bread with margarine and a hardboiled egg
17. What type of supplement is officially recommended by the Health Council (Gezondheidsraad) in the case of an eight-week-old baby who is breastfed?
a. 5 microgram vitamin D and 300 microgram vitamin A
b. 10 microgram vitamin D and 300 microgram vitamin A
c. 10 microgram vitamin D and 150 microgram vitamin K
C. 10 microgram vitamin D and 150 microgram vitamin K
18. The Netherlands Nutrition Centre has additional recommendations for pregnant women next to eating in accordance with the Wheel of Five. In which exact period do these extra recommendations apply? From...
a. The moment that a woman decides to try to become pregnant
b. The very first day of pregnancy until the baby has been born
c. The 2nd trimester of pregnancy onwards
A. The moment that a woman decides to try to become pregnant
19. Why should pregnant woman avoid eating liver products? Liver products....
a. Are naturally high in vitamin A, which may harm the unborn child
b. May contain the dangerous bacterium listeria, which may cause listeriosis
c. Tend to contain high concentrations of toxic heavy metals
A. Are naturally high in vitamin A, which may harm the unborn child
Nutrition policies in schools are important for society because they...
a. Create awareness of the obesity problem among parents
b. Increase physical activity at schools
c. May reduce weight gain in school children
C. May reduce weight gain in school children
21. Zachary (1.5 years old) is eating cookies. His mother doesn’t want him to eat too much cookies, so she hides them in a drawer in the kitchen where he cannot see them. Zachary starts searching for the cookies in the drawer. Which psychological concept did Zachary already develop? (and what do they mean?)
a. Conservation
b. Object permanence
c. Theory of mind
B. Object permanance (understanding that items and people still exist even when you can't see or hear them)
non-correct answers:
- Conservation: a careful preservation and protection of something
- Theory of mind: the ability to understand and take into account another individual's mental state or of “mind-reading”
non-correct answers:
- Conservation: a careful preservation and protection of something
- Theory of mind: the ability to understand and take into account another individual's mental state or of “mind-reading”
22. Mary (5 years old) likes to eat potatoes, but she refuses to eat the rest of her vegetables at dinner. What can her parents do to stimulate her to eat healthier?
a. Eat vegetables themselves and show her they enjoy it
b. Forbid her to eat too much potatoes
c. Reward her with a dessert when she eats her vegetables
A. Eat vegetables themselves and show her they enjoy it
23. Karl is 66 years old. What dietary advice (Gezondheidsraad) suits him?
a. He will need more protein as compared to young adults
b. He will require the same amount of calories, but a lower amount of fat as
compared to young adults
c. The recommended amounts for protein and fat are the same as for young
adults, but a lower amount of total calories is advised
C. The recommended amounts for protein and fat are the same as for young
adults, but a lower amount of total calories is advised
adults, but a lower amount of total calories is advised
What are typical symptoms of Age Related Macular Degeneratio
A. Blurred vision and seeing straight lines as wavy or crooked
b. Feeling physically weaker and having difficulty lifting objects
c. Memory loss and being confused about time or place
b. Feeling physically weaker and having difficulty lifting objects
c. Memory loss and being confused about time or place
25. Paul works as a general practitioner. He assumes that Ann Bailey (82 years old) may suffer from a vitamin B12 deficiency. What are recognisable symptoms of such a deficiency? The first symptoms of B12 deficiency normally are...
a. Dry skin and poor wound healing
b. Highly variable symptoms, difficult to recognise and non-specific
c. Painful neurological symptoms and numbness of the extremities
b. Highly variable symptoms, difficult to recognise and non-specific
26. How does estrogen affect osteoporosis? Estrogen...
a. Helps protect against bone loss, by improving the body’s absorption and
retention of calcium
b. Increases the number and activity of osteoclasts and this will result in bone loss and finally lead to osteoporosis
c. Inhibits calcium absorption from food, through formation of insoluble compounds with calcium ions. Inadequate calcium intake will lead to osteoporosis
a. Helps protect against bone loss, by improving the body’s absorption and
retention of calcium
retention of calcium
Ben, 32 years old, wants to improve his bone density. What type of exercise on a daily basis will be the best choice for Ben?
a. Biking
b. Jumping rope
c. Swimming
b. Jumping rope
29. What makes it difficult to stimulate healthy food choices in early adolescents?
A. They are not sensitive to rewards at all
b. They have difficulties controlling their impulses
c. They refuse to do what the rest of their peers do
b. They have difficulties controlling their impulses
30. Many teenagers often drink energy drinks at high school. Which of the following is the best option to stimulate teenagers to drink more water (instead of energy drinks) at school?
a. Forbid drinking energy drinks at school
b. Let teachers provide the right example, by not drinking energy drinks
c. Show them that many of their peers drink water
c. Show them that many of their peers drink water
What differentiates nudging from intervention mapping? Contrary to intervention mapping, nudging aims to ...
a. Add knowledge
b. Change automatic behavior
c. Create awareness
b. Change automatic behavior
32. What is a typical outcome of an Intervention Mapping Protocol aiming at skills of teens on fruit eating?
a. Lowering the price of fruit in the school canteen
b. Organizing a workshop on smoothie-making
c. Putting fruit at eye-level instead of chocolate in the school canteen
b. Organizing a workshop on smoothie-making
33. Historically dietary guidelines were being revised based upon the discovery of new nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Later new needs emerged for their regular improvements. Which of the following reasons do you think is/are amongst the current needs?
a. Emerging health issues such as hidden hunger
b. Need for improved visual tools
c. All of the above
c. All of the above
34. Here are some characteristics of a study design:
- Provides a clear 'snapshot' of the outcome and the characteristics
associated with it, at a specific point in time.
- Results are time-bound and, therefore, give no indication of a sequence of
events or reveal historical or temporal contexts.
- Studies cannot be utilized to establish cause-and-effect relationships
What study design is this most probably?
a. Cross-sectional
b. RCT
c. Systematic-review
a. Cross-sectional
35. A researcher analyses the effects of protein supplementation on muscle growth. In this research, the independent variable is...
a. Muscle growth
b. Protein supplementation
c. The effect
b. Protein supplementation
36. Nutrition interventions are presented as business cases/plans to health providers and commissioners with the purposes of financial investments and logistic support. What element would you use to increase the likelihood of commissioners’ investments on your business plan?
a. A comprehensive executive summary which includes perceived results of the intervention
b. A detailed financial summary including material and non-material cost of the intervention
c. A firm background scientific research which presents detailed facts and figures about the topic
b. A detailed financial summary including material and non-material cost of the intervention
37. ................................. will help you to formulate goals for your project which will eventually provide the basis for monitoring progress and measuring outcomes.
How would you fill in the blanks?
a. Nutrition assessment
b. Nutrition diagnosis
c. Nutrition interventions
b. Nutrition diagnosis
(The Nutrition Diagnosis, identifies the specific nutrition problem that the dietitian is responsible for treating and works towards resolving. The nutrition diagnosis uses specific terminology from the eNCP. There are 3 classifications of the nutrition diagnosis: Intake, clinical, and behavioral)
(The Nutrition Diagnosis, identifies the specific nutrition problem that the dietitian is responsible for treating and works towards resolving. The nutrition diagnosis uses specific terminology from the eNCP. There are 3 classifications of the nutrition diagnosis: Intake, clinical, and behavioral)
One of the ways to convince your stakeholder to invest in your intervention is to develop a value for money solution and showcase them the existing interventions highlighting why there is a need for your intervention. The method used for this is called...
A. Opinion appraisal
b. Option appraisal
c. Option assessment
A. Opinion appraisal
"Excessive caloric intake (PROBLEM) “related to” frequent number of meals which are high in fat (EATIOLOGY) “as evidenced by” average daily intake of calories exceeding recommended amount by 1000 kcal and 4 kg weight gain in the last 6 weeks (........).”
Nutrition diagnosis are to set basis for a tailored and effective interventions. On the example diagnosis above, how would you fill in the blanks referring to the text written in?
a. Phenotypes
b. Signs and symptoms
c. Underlying factors
b. Signs and symptoms
Nutrition care process is a tool to effectively create nutrition care for individuals and populations. The diagram below shows the process cycle with its three components. Which of the following answers completes the cycle?
a. Intervention diagnosis
b. Nutritional determinance
c. Nutritional diagnosis
c. Nutritional diagnosis
41. Which letters of RE AIM aim to evaluate the process of a programme?
a. A, I and M
b. R and E
c. R and M
a. A, I and M
42. If you want to measure the efficiency of your intervention, what kind of measuring tool is most logical?
a. An observational scheme for observing the activities of your intervention
b. A topic list for an interview with stakeholders
c. A questionnaire for the target group, before and after your intervention
c. A questionnaire for the target group, before and after your intervention
43. Alice designed an intervention for undernutrition in an elderly home in The Hague. Unfortunately, in her measurement after six months she found no significant change in BMI and muscle strength. Through interviews among nurses she found out that the management did not give them extra hours to carry out the intervention, so the nurses stopped providing the extra protein-rich snacks to the elderly.
Where in the process did the intervention fail?
a. Adoption
b. Maintenance
c. Reach
a. Adoption
45. Below, you see a part of the text of a scientific article.
“The majority of participants were registered dietitians and female. The areas of study for the highest degree of education included nutrition (53.8%); public health (11.2%); management (7.7%); medical sciences (5.5%); and epidemiology (2.4%). Additionally, 18.9% of respondents indicated that their highest degree was in another (unspecified) field.”
In what section can you, most probably, find this text?
a. Conclusion
b. Methods
c. Results
c. Results
47. In The Netherlands, how is the Health Insurance Fund (“zorgverzekeringswet”) funded?
a. Both the insured and the government pay for it
b. Only the government pays for it
c. Only the insured pay for it
a. Both the insured and the government pay for it
48. Janice (40 years old) wants to lose weight, and she started to track her food intake via an app. What are the benefits of monitoring her food intake?
a. It will help her in maintaining a healthy diet on the long term
b. She gets more insight into her unhealthy eating habits
c. She will have more willpower to resist unhealthy foods
b. She gets more insight into her unhealthy eating habits
49. What is true about interventions that stimulate healthy behaviors via an app?
a. App-based interventions are especially effective for individuals who are overweight
b. Standalone app interventions are more effective compared to combined interventions
c. The effectiveness of app-based interventions is modest
c. The effectiveness of app-based interventions is modest
50. What is the best way to increase the likelihood that a person will thoroughly read a health message you send via a health app?
a. Make the message personally relevant
b. Provide only information on eating behaviors that are relevant for the target group
c. Send the message to the right target group
a. Make the message personally relevant
51. Here are some parts of a scientific article:
- Research problem and answers (brief)
- Place finding in perspective. Use work of others.
- Analysis unexpected findings.
- Discuss potential limitations and weaknesses
- Concise summary of the principal implications of the findings
- Recommendations for further research
To what section do these parts belong?
a. Conclusion
b. Discussion
c. Results
B. Discussion
52. In the conclusion of a scientific article, the researchers state that the intervention they performed did not have a significant effect. This conclusion fits in a ...
a. RCT study
b. Case control study
c. Qualitative study
A. RCT study
53. The NutriScore FOP labeling system is NOT meant to compare...
a. Cornflakes with breakfast bars
b. Fruit juice with soda drinks
c. French fries with canned tuna fish
C. French fries with canned tuna fish
54. What will be the order (high to low score: A-B-C-D-E) of the current NutriScores of the following supermarket products ...?:
-Lay’s potato crisps ready salted
-Diet coke (Coca Cola)
-Smoked Salmon (prepacked)
A. Diet Coke – Smoked Salmon – Lay’s potato crisps
B. Smoked Salmon – Diet Coke- Lay’s potato crisps
C. Smoked Salmon – Lay’s potato crisps –Diet Coke
A. Diet Coke – Smoked Salmon – Lay’s potato crisps
55. Which of the below-mentioned examples of nutrient profiling can be seen as a Semi-directive FOP label?
a. Multiple traffic light system
b. Guideline Daily Allowance
c. Green Keyhole
a. Multiple traffic light system
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