Epidermal keratinocytes in treatment
11 important questions on Epidermal keratinocytes in treatment
What is the only skin layer that generates proliferating cells?
What are the main functions of stem cells in the skin?
- Epidermal self-renewal & differentiation
- barrier maintenance & repair
- wound repair and hair regeneration
What are the two main stem cell niches in the skin?
- In the basal layer of the epidermis: interfollicular epidermal stem cells (unipotent)
- In the bulge area in hair follicles: bulge stem cells (multipotent)
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In which 2 ways can multipotent bulge stem cells be studied?
How does the hair follicle cycle work as a model to study stem cells in the skin?
- Anagen (active growth phase, 2-6 years): permanent hair removal can only occur during this active growth stage.
- Catagen (transition phase, 1-2 weeks): club hair transitions upwards toward skin pore and dermal papilla begins to separate from follicle
- Telogen (resting phase, 2-4 months): dermal papilla fully separates from follicle)
- Return to anagen: Dermal papilla moves upwards to meet hair follicle once again and hair matrix begins to form new hair.
In which ways can proliferating cells be labeled in the pulse-chase method?
- Chemical labeling: Proliferating cells are marked by single injection of labeled nucleotides: tritiated (3H)-thymidine or Bromo-deoxy-uridine (BrdU).
- Genetic labeling: fluorescently labeled cells via transgene expression
Explain the principle of cell tracing ('chase') in the pulse-chase method
- The label in the cells will be diluted by subsequent cell divisions
- slow cycling cells (stem cells) will retain label after chase period (label-retaining cells), while fast cycling cells (not SCs) will lose the label.
How does stem cell tracing by genetic marking work?
No doxycyclin: all basal cells green --> GFP = on
Feed mice doxycycline in drinking water --> GFP = off
4-8 weeks chase with dox: dilution of GFP, label retaining cells (stem cells) are visible.
What are the three different clonal types of keratinocytes + explain them?
- Paraclones: non-cycling differentiated cells
- Monoclones: transit amplifying cells
- holocones: slow-cycling stem cells
Which clonal type of keratinocytes should be used when studying stem cells and why?
What is the problem of using in vitro cell culture models?
Therefore, in vitro studies of the skin stem cells can be quite problematic, as they do not represent the real-life situation.
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