Embryonic stem cells
9 important questions on Embryonic stem cells
What are the applications of models for embryonic development?
- Regenerative medicine (grown in large quantities + differentiate)
- Generation of KO-mouse
- Disease model (because differentiate into desired specialization)
- cytotoxicity tests (especially during pregnancy, for foetus)
In which cases it might be useful to replace lost cells?
- After a stroke --> loss of muscle cells
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy --> muscle degeneration (eventual death)
- parkinson's disease --> loss of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra (region of the midbrain)
- Alzheimer
What are the dangers of stem cell therapies?
- Graft rejection (but not when it's from the patient itself)
- Graft-versus-host
- Teratocarcinoma
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
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What are the ways to inhibit differentiation in vitro?
- Lif + serum
- 2i (+LIF)
- Impotant proteins /TFs to maintain ESC, are Oct4, Sox2, Nanog
How does the regulatory pluripotency network in ESCs work?
- Self-induce its own expression and of other pluripotency genes, by binding in the promoter
- Repress genes that induce differentiation
How can co-localisation of pluripotency network proteins visualized?
What are the two main components of the epigenetic code?
- DNA-methylation
- Histone modification
What are the two different chromatin structures?
- Euchromatin (active/open): H3Kme3, H3K36me3, H3K79me3, H3K9/14Ac
- Heterochromatin (repressed/closed): H3K9me2, K3K9me3, H4K20me3, Methylation
What can be concluded from the fact that ESCs are richer in euchromatin?
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
